Propuesta para un programa de control de calidad en radiología general

De la necesidad de indagar sobre los protocolos de control de calidad en imágenes radio diagnósticas, surge el interés de llevar a cabo un trabajo en el marco del diplomado de profundización en la Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia – UNAD, en la Tecnología en Radiología e Imágenes Diagnósticas. El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar los elementos necesarios para cumplir con un programa de control de calidad en radiología convencional, en centros de imágenes diagnósticas en Colombia. Para cumplir con el objetivo, se planteó un enfoque cualitativo y la técnica de análisis documental por medio de la lectura sistemática. Durante el desarrollo del trabajo se contemplaron 5 fases con sus respectivas tareas, las cuales ayudaron a la construcción de la guía para la implementación de un programa de control de calidad que pueda ser utilizada por los centros de imágenes diagnósticas en Colombia. Las conclusiones más relevantes apuntaron a que, en general, los organismos internacionales coinciden en que los programas de control de calidad son herramientas que ayudan a la sociedad porque optimizan la radiación ionizante a favor de la humanidad. Asimismo, se logró determinar que los elementos necesarios para cumplir con un programa de control de calidad en radiología convencional son: relevamiento del servicio, relevamiento radio sanitario actual, prueba de aceptación, prueba de estado, tasa de rechazo de imagen y indicadores de dosis a los pacientes.From the need to investigate the quality control protocols in radio diagnostic imaging, It arose the interest to carry out a study within the diagnostic images. The interest arises to carry out a work in the framework of the diploma of deepening in the National Open University at the Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia - UNAD, in the Technology in Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging. The objective of the work was to determine the necessary elements to comply with a quality control program in conventional radiology in diagnostic imaging centers in Colombia. In order to fulfill the objective, a qualitative approach and aqualitative approach and the technique of documentary analysis by means of systematic reading were taken into account. During the development of the work, 5 phases with their respective tasks were contemplated, which the construction of a guide for the implementation of a quality control program that can be used by the centers quality control program that can be used by diagnostic imaging centers in Colombia. The most relevant conclusions pointed out that, in general, international organizations agree that quality control programs are tools that help society because they optimize the ionizing radiation to use because they optimize ionizing radiation for the benefit of mankind. It was also possible to determine that the necessary elements to comply with a quality control program in conventional radiology are: survey of the service, current radio sanitary survey, acceptance test, status test and image rejection rate and dose indicators to patients

Traffic density exposure, oxidative stress biomarkers and plasma metabolomics in a population-based sample: The Hortega study

Producción CientíficaExposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) generates oxidative stress, with downstream effects at the metabolic level. Human studies of traffic density and metabolomic markers, however, are rare. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the cross-sectional association between traffic density in the street of residence with oxidative stress and metabolomic profiles measured in a population-based sample from Spain. We also explored in silico the potential biological implications of the findings. Secondarily, we assessed the contribution of oxidative stress to the association between exposure to traffic density and variation in plasma metabolite levels. Traffic density was defined as the average daily traffic volume over an entire year within a buffer of 50 m around the participants’ residence. Plasma metabolomic profiles and urine oxidative stress biomarkers were measured in samples from 1181 Hortega Study participants by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography, respectively. Traffic density was associated with 7 (out of 49) plasma metabolites, including amino acids, fatty acids, products of bacterial and energy metabolism and fluid balance metabolites. Regarding urine oxidative stress biomarkers, traffic associations were positive for GSSG/GSH% and negative for MDA. A total of 12 KEGG pathways were linked to traffic-related metabolites. In a protein network from genes included in over-represented pathways and 63 redox-related candidate genes, we observed relevant proteins from the glutathione cycle. GSSG/GSH% and MDA accounted for 14.6% and 12.2% of changes in isobutyrate and the CH2CH2CO fatty acid moiety, respectively, which is attributable to traffic exposure. At the population level, exposure to traffic density was associated with specific urine oxidative stress and plasma metabolites. Although our results support a role of oxidative stress as a biological intermediary of traffic-related metabolic alterations, with potential implications for the co-bacterial and lipid metabolism, additional mechanistic and prospective studies are needed to confirm our findings.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación de España, Agencia Española de Investigación (AEI) - (projects PID2019-108973RB-C21 and C22)Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad y Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) - (projects PI15/00071 y PI22CIII/00029) )Generalitat Valenciana - (grants IDIFEDER/2021/072, CIAICO/2022/181 and INVEST/2023/180

Use of evidence during the COVID-19 pandemic in Peru, contributions from the National Institute of Health

Indexado en ScopusLa pandemia por COVID-19 ha llevado a tomar decisiones rápidamente. En este contexto el INS elaboró una serie de documentos de síntesis de evidencia científica, en función a requerimientos del Ministerio de Salud. Así mismo a partir de estos informes se desarrollaron recomendaciones para la actualización de documentos normativos relacionados al manejo de la COVID-19. Este artículo describe el proceso de construcción de una metodología aplicada por el Instituto Nacional de Salud para la síntesis de evidencias científicas durante la pandemia por COVID-19, destacando los esfuerzos y estrategias para asegurar la calidad metodológica y la aplicación del enfoque GRADE en el fortalecimiento de las decisiones. Finalmente, proporciona una breve reflexión sobre las limitaciones y los desafíos del uso de evidencias para el diseño de políticas públicas nacionales en el futuro.The COVID-19 pandemics required the countries to take decisions rapidly. Consequently, the National Institute of Health (INS) developed a series of documents of scientific evidence synthesis according to the Ministry of Health’s requirements. Based on these reports, the INS developed recommendations to update normative documents related to COVID-19’s management. This article describes the construction of anew methodology applied by the INS to synthesize scientific evidence during the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, it emphasizes the efforts and strategies used to guarantee the methodological quality and the implementation of the GRADE approach. Finally, it provides a short reflection on the limitations and challenges of using evidence to design national public policies in the future.Revisión por pare

Use of evidence during the COVID-19 pandemic in Peru, contributions from the National Institute of Health

The COVID-19 pandemics required the countries to take decisions rapidly. Consequently, the National Institute of Health (INS) developed a series of documents of scientific evidence synthesis according to the Ministry of Health’s requirements. Based on these reports, the INS developed recommendations to update normative documents related to COVID-19’s management. This article describes the construction of a new methodology applied by the INS to synthesize scientific evidence during the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, it emphasizes the efforts and strategies used to guarantee the methodological quality and the implementation of the GRADE approach. Finally, it provides a short reflection on the limitations and challenges of using evidence to design national public policies in the future.Revisión por pare

The Fourteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey and from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment

The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) has been in operation since July 2014. This paper describes the second data release from this phase, and the fourteenth from SDSS overall (making this, Data Release Fourteen or DR14). This release makes public data taken by SDSS-IV in its first two years of operation (July 2014-2016). Like all previous SDSS releases, DR14 is cumulative, including the most recent reductions and calibrations of all data taken by SDSS since the first phase began operations in 2000. New in DR14 is the first public release of data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS); the first data from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory (APO) Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE-2), including stellar parameter estimates from an innovative data driven machine learning algorithm known as "The Cannon"; and almost twice as many data cubes from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA) survey as were in the previous release (N = 2812 in total). This paper describes the location and format of the publicly available data from SDSS-IV surveys. We provide references to the important technical papers describing how these data have been taken (both targeting and observation details) and processed for scientific use. The SDSS website (www.sdss.org) has been updated for this release, and provides links to data downloads, as well as tutorials and examples of data use. SDSS-IV is planning to continue to collect astronomical data until 2020, and will be followed by SDSS-V.Comment: SDSS-IV collaboration alphabetical author data release paper. DR14 happened on 31st July 2017. 19 pages, 5 figures. Accepted by ApJS on 28th Nov 2017 (this is the "post-print" and "post-proofs" version; minor corrections only from v1, and most of errors found in proofs corrected

Epigenetic control of epithelial-mesenchymal transition

El proceso de transición epitelio-mesénquima (TEM) permite que una célula epitelial, de manera temporal, adquiera un fenotipo mesenquimal como respuesta a un estímulo interno o externo. Este proceso se caracteriza por la activación y represión de genes involucrados en diferentes vías de señalización asociadas con migración, invasión, apoptosis, entre otros. En este proceso, la epigenética cumple un papel fundamental, pues comprende cuatro mecanismos: metilación de ADN, modificación covalente de histonas, ARN no codificantes (ARNnc) y complejos remodeladores de la cromatina, que regulan la expresión de un gen sin alterar su secuencia. En esta revisión de tema los autores describen los principales mecanismos epigenéticos involucrados en la regulación de la expresión de genes que se activan y reprimen a lo largo del proceso TEM.Artículo completo1-22The mesenchymal epithelial transition (MET) process allows a temporary epithelial cell to acquire a mesenchymal phenotype in response to an internal or external stimulus. This process is characterized by the activation and repression of genes involved in different signaling pathways associated with migration, invasion and apoptosis, among others. In this process epigenetics plays a fundamental role. Epigenetics comprises four mechanisms: DNA methylation, covalent modification of histones, noncoding RNAs (RNACs) and chromatin remodeling complexes, which regulate the expression of a gene without altering its sequence. In this topic review, the authors describe the main epigenetic mechanisms involved in the regulation of the expression of genes that are activated and repressed throughout the TEM process

Whole-genome sequencing of 1,171 elderly admixed individuals from Brazil

As whole-genome sequencing (WGS) becomes the gold standard tool for studying population genomics and medical applications, data on diverse non-European and admixed individuals are still scarce. Here, we present a high-coverage WGS dataset of 1,171 highly admixed elderly Brazilians from a census-based cohort, providing over 76 million variants, of which ~2 million are absent from large public databases. WGS enables identification of ~2,000 previously undescribed mobile element insertions without previous description, nearly 5 Mb of genomic segments absent from the human genome reference, and over 140 alleles from HLA genes absent from public resources. We reclassify and curate pathogenicity assertions for nearly four hundred variants in genes associated with dominantly-inherited Mendelian disorders and calculate the incidence for selected recessive disorders, demonstrating the clinical usefulness of the present study. Finally, we observe that whole-genome and HLA imputation could be significantly improved compared to available datasets since rare variation represents the largest proportion of input from WGS. These results demonstrate that even smaller sample sizes of underrepresented populations bring relevant data for genomic studies, especially when exploring analyses allowed only by WGS