Identifikasi Senyawa Vanillin Hasil Degradasi Lignoselulosa Limbah Kulit Coklat Oleh Schyzophyllum Commune Dan Serpula Lacrymans Dengan Penambahan Cuso4

Limbah pertanian seperti kulit coklat merupakan sumber lignoselulosa dengan kandungan lignin mencapai 14,7 ± 0,35 % (w/w). Lignin merupakan senyawa aromatik kompleks heteropolymer yang tidak mudah dipecah secara hidrolitik, sehingga digunakan jamur pelapuk. Pada penelitian ini digunakan jamur pelapuk putih (S. commune) dan pelapuk coklat (S. lacrymans). Selama proses pemecahan lignin, S. commune memanfaatkan enzim peroksidase dan lacase sedangkan S. lacrymans secara non enzimatis dengan memanfaatkan OH*. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan CuSO4 terhadap aktivitas S. lacrymans dan S. commune dalam mendegradasi lignoselulosa limbah kulit coklat. Tembaga dengan konsentrasi 0 mM; 0,5 mM; 1,5 mM; dan 2,5 mM ditambahkan pada S. commune serta S. lacrymans dan diinkubasi selama 5 minggu. Hasil dari proses degradasi dengan perlakuan terbaik akan dianalisa untuk mengidentifikasi senyawa vanillin yang mampu dihasilkan oleh jamur pelapuk. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa penambahan konsentrasi CuSO4 mempengaruhi hasil proses degradasi lignoselulosa kulit coklat oleh S. commune dan S. lacrymans. Penambahan konsentrasi CuSO4 diketahui meningkatkan aktivitas enzim MnP dan lacase pada S.commune serta aktivitas H2O2 pada S. lacrymans. Berdasarkan hasil diketahui bahwa aktivitas enzim lacase tertinggi pada minggu ke- 3 atau hari ke-27 sebesar 0,18 IU L-1 dengan perlakuan penambahan konsentrasi CuSO4 sebesar 0,5 mM dan 1,5 mM, sedangkan aktivitas enzim MnP tertinggi pada minggu ke-4 sebesar 0,48 IU L-1 dengan perlakuan penambahan konsentrasi CuSO4 sebesar 1,5 mM, sedangkan aktivitas H2O2 tertinggi pada perlakuan penambahan konsentrasi CuSO4 2,5 mM. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa penambahan CuSO4 2,5 mM pada proses degradasi mampu meningkatkan aktivitas jamur S. lacrymans lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan jamur S. commune Pada penambahan CuSO4 2,5 mM pada kulit coklat yang didegradasi oleh S. lacrymans minggu ke-5 dihasilkan vanillin sebesar 3,

IDENTIFIKASI PROFIL ASAM AMINO DAN LEMAK BLACK SOLDIER FLY LARVAE MENGGUNAKAN PAKAN BUNGKIL DAN SISA MAKANAN

As the world's largest palm oil producer, Indonesia has enormous potential for producing palm kernel expeller waste. Only 7% of Indonesia's palm kernel expeller (PKE) is processed into animal feed. It is necessary to utilize both wastes from palm oil processing and the workers' environment to support certification in palm oil plantations. This research aims to identify amino acid and lipid profile, total protein, fat, feeding rate, and survival rate BSFL using a palm kernel expeller for feed. The feed experiment in this research was PKE, fermented PKE, PKE with food waste, and fermented PKE with food waste as a control. The optimum result was fermented PKE with food waste with a protein total of 51.45%. Using BSFL for feed should have high protein content and low fat. The fat of BSFL fermented PKE with food waste is lower than BSFL with food waste. The feeding rate, survival rate, and BSFL mass are lower than BSFL with food waste. BSFL has the potential to reduce PKE waste and domestic food waste. The amino acid profile of BSFL PKE with household food waste consists of L-Glutamic Acid, L-Leucine, L-Arginine, L-Tyrosine, L-Valine, and L-Phenylalanine. L-Glutamic acid was the highest amino Acid in BSFL (36.396 g/kg). The type of amino Acid in BSFL is suitable for animal feed. The lipids in BSFL PKE with household food waste are lauric acid, oleic acid, unsaturated fat, monounsaturated fat, palmitic acid, myristic acid, and linoleic acid. The highest content of lipids is lauric acid (12.126%). The type of fat in BSFL can be used to produce biodiesel. Keywords: black soldier fly larvae, palm kernel expeller, amino acid profile, fat profile, household food wast

PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN CUSO4 TERHADAP AKTIVITAS ENZIM SCHYZOPHYLLUM COMMUNE PADA DEGRADASI LIGNIN LIMBAH KULIT KAKAO

Kulit coklat merupakan sumber lignoselulosa dari limbah pertanian dengan kandungan lignin mencapai 14.7 ± 0.35% (w/w). Lignin merupakan senyawa aromatik kompleks heteropolymer yang tidak mudah dipecah secara hidrolitik, sehingga jamur pelapuk seringkali digunakan untuk mempermudah proses degradasi lignin. Pada penelitian ini digunakan jamur pelapuk putih (S. commune). Selama proses pemecahan lignin, S. commune memanfaatkan enzim peroksidase dan lakase. Akan tetapi, produksi enzim lignolitik pada jamur pelapuk putih dalam jumlah kecil, sehingga diperlukan penambahan inducer untuk meningkatkan aktivitas enzim lignolitik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan CuSO4 terhadap aktivitas enzim MnP dan Lakase pada S. commune yang berperan dalam proses pemecahan lignin sehingga dapat dihasilkan berbagai macam senyawa kimia bernilai tinggi. Tembaga dengan konsentrasi 0 mM; 0.5 mM; 1.5 mM; dan 2.5 mM ditambahkan pada S. commune dan di inkubasi selama 5 minggu. Hasil kemudian diekstrak dan diuji aktivitas enzim MnP dan Lakase menggunakan spektofotometri. Hasil menunjukkan aktivitas enzim lignolitik S. commune terbesar yaitu 0.48 IU.L-1 untuk enzim MnP pada minggu ke-4 dengan penambahan konsentrasi CuSO4 1.5 mM dan 0.18 IU.L-1 untuk enzime lakase pada minggu ke-3 dengan penambahan konsentrasi CuSO4 0.5 mM dan 1.5 m

Effect of Brine Time on Quality of Wet-Salted Fish

Stingrays or Dasyatis sp. was one kind of fishery commodities. This product was perishable, so it required careful handling through the handling process. Fish preservation was an alternative that can be applied. This study aimed to protect the fresh fish quality throughout the handling process before it was processed further. This research method used the wet-salting method. The principle of this method was to keep the product for a long time in brine for 0h (control/fresh fish), 1h, 2h, and 3h. The analysis achieve was TVB-N, TMA, TPC, total crude protein, and pH. The effect of time in brine on the result showed significant variation with p-value < 0.05. pH value was significantly correlated with TVB-N and total protein, while, TPC was significantly correlated with total crude protein. These conclusions, the fish product for 1h in brine was the best treatment

The potential source of natural antioxidant agent of Casia alata microgreen

Commonly, plant was cultivated by microgreen have potentially source of natural antioxidant agents. This study was conducted to utilize Cassia alata (C. alata) as a microgreen and evaluated the potential of Microgreen gelinggang as the source of natural antioxidant agents. The seed of Cassia alata was cultivated in Rockwool at room temperature (27±1oC). At the appearance of the first true leaves, about 21 days, microgreens were harvested from a triplicate of trays with sterilized scissors. The antioxidant activity assay using the DPPH (2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil) radical scavenging activity method. It was analyzed using spectrophotometry UV-VIS. The result showed that the IC50 values of Microgreen gelinggang were 1.789x103 ±0.0  µg/mL. It was a weak category antioxidant. This study indicated that the extract of Microgreen gelinggang has a potential source of natural antioxidant agents

IDENTIFIKASI PROFIL ASAM AMINO DAN LEMAK BLACK SOLDIER FLY LARVAE MENGGUNAKAN PAKAN BUNGKIL DAN SISA MAKANAN

As the world's largest palm oil producer, Indonesia has enormous potential for producing palm kernel expeller waste. Only 7% of Indonesia's palm kernel expeller (PKE) is processed into animal feed. It is necessary to utilize both wastes from palm oil processing and the workers' environment to support certification in palm oil plantations. This research aims to identify amino acid and lipid profile, total protein, fat, feeding rate, and survival rate BSFL using a palm kernel expeller for feed. The feed experiment in this research was PKE, fermented PKE, PKE with food waste, and fermented PKE with food waste as a control. The optimum result was fermented PKE with food waste with a protein total of 51.45%. Using BSFL for feed should have high protein content and low fat. The fat of BSFL fermented PKE with food waste is lower than BSFL with food waste. The feeding rate, survival rate, and BSFL mass are lower than BSFL with food waste. BSFL has the potential to reduce PKE waste and domestic food waste. The amino acid profile of BSFL PKE with household food waste consists of L-Glutamic Acid, L-Leucine, L-Arginine, L-Tyrosine, L-Valine, and L-Phenylalanine. L-Glutamic acid was the highest amino Acid in BSFL (36.396 g/kg). The type of amino Acid in BSFL is suitable for animal feed. The lipids in BSFL PKE with household food waste are lauric acid, oleic acid, unsaturated fat, monounsaturated fat, palmitic acid, myristic acid, and linoleic acid. The highest content of lipids is lauric acid (12.126%). The type of fat in BSFL can be used to produce biodiesel. Keywords: black soldier fly larvae, palm kernel expeller, amino acid profile, fat profile, household food wast

SUPPLIER SELECTION FOR IMPROVING SUPPLY CHAIN PERFORMANCE

Supplier selection played a role in developing industry performance. It was one of the critical issues in supply chain management. This study illustrated applying a decision-making procedure for supplier selection on KUD Dau Batu by ANP and fuzzy TOPSIS. Four suppliers (Princi, Gading Kulon, Petung Sewu, and Kucur) thought qualified for procuring milk. The first step determined the weight of criteria and sub-criteria that impacted strategic supplier selection by ANP. This approach in a KUD Dau Batu showed that cost was the top priority. The next step was to defuzzification of criteria and ranking the four suppliers by fuzzy TOPSIS. The supplier from Kucur was the best milk supplier compared to other supplier

The Potential Source of Natural Antioxidant Agent of Cassia alata Microgreen

This study aimed to utilize Cassia alata (C. alata) as a microgreen and evaluate its potential as a source of natural antioxidant agents. The seeds of Cassia alata were cultivated in Rockwool at room temperature (27±1oC). Uppon the appearance of the first true leaves, approximately 21 days after planting, microgreens were harvested from triplicate trays using sterilized scissors. The antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH radical scavenging activity method and analyzed via UV-VIS spectrophotometry. The results showed that the IC50 values of C. alata microgreens was 1.789x103 µg/mL, categorizing it as a weak antioxidant. This study indicates that the extract of C. alata microgreens has the potential to be a natural source of antioxidant agents

PEMETAAN POTENSI AGROINDUSTRI DI WILAYAH PERBATASAN NKRI-TIMOR LESTE SEBAGAI UPAYA MENGEMBANGKAN EKONOMI MASYARAKAT

The purpose of this research is knowing about the base of problem about economy, ecology, and social aspecton Manusasi Village, Timor Tengah Utara, NTT based on IDM and knowing superior potential of village that used forupgrade economy, ecology, and social aspect so increase of IDM. Methods is used quantitative and qualitative methodvia study case, literature study and forum group discussion. Result this research indicated the problems on Manusasivillage dominated by accessbility from economy, social and culture aspect. From this problems needed development ofManusasi Village based on IDM such as increase sale value of agricuktural crop

PENGEMBANGAN KAMPUNG TENDE, BENTIAN BESAR, KUTAI BARAT MENUJU DESA BERDAYA BERBASIS KERAJINAN DI KAWASAN PERBATASAN

PENGEMBANGAN KAMPUNG TENDE, BENTIAN BESAR, KUTAI BARAT MENUJU DESA BERDAYA BERBASIS KERAJINAN DI KAWASAN PERBATASA