Nursing care and dietary procedures in the case of a young patient diagnosed with type 1 diabetes and celiac disease : case study

Introduction: About 15% of patients diagnosed with type 1 diabetes might also suffer from celiac disease. Celiac disease accompanying type 1 diabetes may lead to the incidence of hypoglycaemia or ketoacidosis and increased risk of complications such as retinopathy and osteoporosis. Aim of the study: An analysis of the case of a patient suffering from type 1 diabetes and celiac disease and the presentation of a nursing care plan. Material and methods: The study describes the case of an 18-year-old female patient who had just been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes and celiac and was hos-pitalised in September 2017. The information about her medical history and condition was obtained by means of an interview, observa-tion, and analysis of medical records with the application of a survey questionnaire, the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and the Acceptance of Illness Scale (AIS). Case description and analysis: The main problems of the patient were connected with celiac symptoms: acute diarrhoea, calf cramps, and overweight caused by dietary mistakes. The patient’s deficit of knowledge about dietary procedures had a negative impact on her somatic and mental condition. Accord-ing to the AIS scale, the patient showed a moderate acceptance towards her illness (a score of 35). Conclusions: Nursing care provided to patients diagnosed with type 1 diabetes and celiac disease should aim at recognising knowledge and skill defi-cits, education, and emotional support. Patients’ failure to follow dietary recommendations, nutritional deficiencies, and incorrect eating habits frequently result not only from an unwillingness to change eating habits but also from low quality of consumed gluten-free prod-ucts

Realizacja środka zabezpieczającego w Regionalnym Ośrodku Psychiatrii Sądowej w Starogardzie Gdańskim

Authors, who work in Regional Centre of Forensic Psychiatry (ROPS) in Starogard Gdanski, in their article make readers to become familiar with concept of detention and its legal basis in terms of forensic psychiatrist. They describe the organizational scheme of the Centre and profile of patients treated there in the last 12 years. They explain all the developed rules of conduct and procedures used in therapeutic work with patients. Authors of this article emphasize that above all an individualized treatment program for each patient is the most important method for treating and it achieves the greatest number of positive changes. Also, a personalized therapy may help to reduce the risk of repeating the dangerous behavior and to return to the normal life.Autorzy pracujący w Regionalnym Ośrodku Psychiatrii Sądowej (ROPS) w Starogardzie Gdańskim przedstawiają podstawy prawne stosowania środka zabezpieczającego, jakim jest internacja sądowo-psychiatryczna. Opisują schemat organizacyjny ośrodka, przedstawiają profil pacjentów leczonych w ośrodku na przestrzeni ostatnich 12 lat oraz wypracowane przez lata zasady postępowania i procedury terapeutyczne stosowane w pracy z pacjentami. W podsumowaniu podkreślają, że zindywidualizowany program leczenia każdego pacjenta pozwala na osiągnięcie jak największej ilości korzystnych zmian i tym samym zmniejsza ryzyko ponawiania zachowań niebezpiecznych i umożliwia powrót do społeczeństwa

The Cultural Divide: Exponential Growth in Classical 2D and Metabolic Equilibrium in 3D Environments

INTRODUCTION: Cellular metabolism can be considered to have two extremes: one is characterized by exponential growth (in 2D cultures) and the other by a dynamic equilibrium (in 3D cultures). We have analyzed the proteome and cellular architecture at these two extremes and found that they are dramatically different. RESULTS: Structurally, actin organization is changed, microtubules are increased and keratins 8 and 18 decreased. Metabolically, glycolysis, fatty acid metabolism and the pentose phosphate shunt are increased while TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation is unchanged. Enzymes involved in cholesterol and urea synthesis are increased consistent with the attainment of cholesterol and urea production rates seen in vivo. DNA repair enzymes are increased even though cells are predominantly in Go. Transport around the cell--along the microtubules, through the nuclear pore and in various types of vesicles has been prioritized. There are numerous coherent changes in transcription, splicing, translation, protein folding and degradation. The amount of individual proteins within complexes is shown to be highly coordinated. Typically subunits which initiate a particular function are present in increased amounts compared to other subunits of the same complex. SUMMARY: We have previously demonstrated that cells at dynamic equilibrium can match the physiological performance of cells in tissues in vivo. Here we describe the multitude of protein changes necessary to achieve this performance

Imipramine influences body distribution of supplemental zinc which may enhance antidepressant action

Zinc (Zn) was found to enhance the antidepressant efficacy of imipramine (IMI) in human depression and animal tests/models of depression. However, the underlying mechanism for this effect remains unknown. We measured the effect of intragastric (p.o.) combined administration of IMI (60 mg/kg) and Zn (40 mg Zn/kg) in the forced swim test (FST) in mice. The effect of Zn + IMI on serum, brain, and intestinal Zn concentrations; Zn transporter (ZnT, ZIP) protein levels in the intestine and ZnT in the brain; including BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) and CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein) protein levels in the brain were evaluated. Finally, the effect of IMI on Zn permeability was measured in vitro in colon epithelial Caco-2 cells. The co-administration of IMI and Zn induced antidepressant-like activity in the FST in mice compared to controls and Zn or IMI given alone. This effect correlated with increased BDNF and the ratio of pCREB/CREB protein levels in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) compared to the control group. Zn + IMI co-treatment increased Zn concentrations in the serum and brain compared to the control group. However, in serum, co-administration of IMI and Zn decreased Zn concentration compared to Zn alone treatment. Also, there was a reduction in the Zn-induced enhancement of ZnT1 protein level in the small intestine. Zn + IMI also induced an increase in the ZnT4 protein level in the PFC compared to the control group and normalized the Zn-induced decrease in the ZnT1 protein level in the hippocampus (Hp). The in vitro studies revealed enhanced Zn permeability (observed as the increased transfer of Zn through the intestinal cell membrane) after IMI treatment. Our data indicate that IMI enhances Zn transfer through the intestinal tract and influences the redistribution of Zn between the blood and brain. These mechanisms might explain the enhanced antidepressant efficacy of combined IMI/Zn treatment observed in the FST in mice

Wokół rekodyfikacji prawa cywilnego. Prace jubileuszowe

Praca recenzowana / Peer-reviewed paperPrezentowana książka to głos w debacie nad stanem naszej kodyfikacji cywilnej. Jubileusz 50-lecia uchwalenia Kodeksu cywilnego, Kodeksu rodzinnego i opiekuńczego oraz Kodeksu postępowania cywilnego zbiega się z jubileuszem Profesora Janusza Szwai1. Profesor, wybitny cywilista, obchodzi swoje 80. urodziny, mija także 50 lat od obrony przez Niego doktoratu. Jest to doskonała okazja by przyjrzeć się propozycjom zmian prawa cywilnego płynących z różnych środowisk akademickich. Wszak dużą część swojego życia Profesor Szwaja poświęcił pracom legislacyjnym, ich komentowaniu czy krytykowaniu. Sam aktywnie w zmianach różnych kodyfikacji uczestniczył. Jego poglądy zawsze były wyważone. Dziś właśnie taki wyważony głos w dyskusji nad kształtem polskiego prawa cywilnego stał się niezbędny

Psychometric properties of the measure of achieved capabilities in homeless services

Background Purposeful participation in personally meaningful life tasks, enjoyment of positive reciprocal relationships, and opportunities to realize one’s potential are growth-related aspects of a meaningful life that should be considered important dimensions of recovery from homelessness. The extent to which homeless services support individuals to achieve the capabilities they need to become who they want to be and do what they want to do is, in turn, an important indicator of their efectiveness. In this study, we developed a measure of achieved capabilities (MACHS) for use in homeless services settings, and assessed its construct and concurrent validity. Methods We analysed data collected from homeless services users at two time points in eight European countries to assess the factor structure and psychometric properties of the new measure. Participants were adults engaged with either Housing First (n=245) or treatment as usual (n=320). Results Exploratory and confrmatory factor analyses yielded a four-factor structure of the capabilities measure: community integration, optimism, safety, and self-determination. We obtained evidence for construct validity through observed correlations between achieved capabilities and recovery, working alliance and satisfaction with services. Moreover, we obtained evidence of the measure’s concurrent validity from its positive association between HF and personal recovery, which was fully mediated by achieved capabilities. Conclusions Findings demonstrate that the MACHS is a valid and reliable measure that may be used to assess the extent to which homeless services support their clients to develop capabilities needed for growth-related recovery. Implications for practice and future research directions are discussed.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Psychometric properties of the measure of achieved capabilities in homeless services

Background Purposeful participation in personally meaningful life tasks, enjoyment of positive reciprocal relationships, and opportunities to realize one’s potential are growth-related aspects of a meaningful life that should be considered important dimensions of recovery from homelessness. The extent to which homeless services support individuals to achieve the capabilities they need to become who they want to be and do what they want to do is, in turn, an important indicator of their efectiveness. In this study, we developed a measure of achieved capabilities (MACHS) for use in homeless services settings, and assessed its construct and concurrent validity. Methods We analysed data collected from homeless services users at two time points in eight European countries to assess the factor structure and psychometric properties of the new measure. Participants were adults engaged with either Housing First (n=245) or treatment as usual (n=320). Results Exploratory and confrmatory factor analyses yielded a four-factor structure of the capabilities measure: community integration, optimism, safety, and self-determination. We obtained evidence for construct validity through observed correlations between achieved capabilities and recovery, working alliance and satisfaction with services. Moreover, we obtained evidence of the measure’s concurrent validity from its positive association between HF and personal recovery, which was fully mediated by achieved capabilities. Conclusions Findings demonstrate that the MACHS is a valid and reliable measure that may be used to assess the extent to which homeless services support their clients to develop capabilities needed for growth-related recovery. Implications for practice and future research directions are discussed.Horizon2020 of the European Commissioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

REPORTING OBLIGATIONS OF BUDGETARY ENTITIES ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE SCHOOL OF STATE FIRE GUARD ASPIRENTS IN KRAKÓW IN THE YEARS 2012-2016

Celem pracy jest przedstawienie i omówienie obowiązków sprawozdawczych jednostek budżetowych. W pracy przeanalizowano zagadnienia dotyczące sektora finansów publicznych, form organizacyjno – prawnych jednostek sektora finansów publicznych. Przedstawiono zasady rachunkowości jednostek sektora budżetowego wraz z zasadami sporządzania i przekazywania sprawozdań budżetowych, klasyfikację i ewidencję przychodów i kosztów jednostek budżetowych. Zawarto charakterystykę badanej gminy. Opisano zasady rachunkowości obowiązujące w jednostce podana została struktura dochodów i wydatków omawianej jednostki budżetowej.The purpose of the work is to present and discuss reporting obligations of budgetary units. The paper examines issues related to the public finance sector, organizational and legal forms of public finance sector entities. The state budget and accounting principles of budget sector entities were presented along with the principles of preparation and submission of budget reports, classification and recording of revenues and costs of budget entities. A historical outline and specificity of the organizational structure of the examined company were also included. The accounting principles in force in the unit are described, the structure of income and expenditure of the budget unit is given

The French loanwords in modern Ukrainian language (analysys of three semantic groups which describe interiors, clothing, accessories and culinary terminology).

Celem niniejszej pracy była leksykalno-semantyczna i historyczno-etymologiczna analiza zapożyczeń francuskich w języku ukraińskim. Materiał językowy pochodzi ze słowników etymologicznych języka ukraińskiego, rosyjskiego, polskiego oraz słowników wyrazów obcych tychże języków.Praca składa się ze wstępu, analizy materiału, wniosków, bibliografii i streszczenia. Ważną częścią pracy jest semantyczne pogrupowanie wyrazów pochodzenia francuskiego (3211 słów), i tu mamy 13 grup tematycznych.Dokładnie badany materiał został zawężony do trzech grup semantycznych ze względu na dużą liczbę zapożyczeń. Z analizy materiału językowego wynika, że największa ilość zapożyczeń weszła do języka ukraińskiego za pośrednictwem języka rosyjskiego i polskiego, bardzo rzadko bezpośrednio z francuskiego.Sporządzono również klasyfikację zgromadzonych terminów ze względu na czas pojawienia się w języku ukraińskim oraz ze względu na pośrednictwo językowe, za sprawą jakiego termin trafił do języka ukraińskiego.Następnym etapem jest analiza adaptacji fonetycznej słów pochodzenia francuskiego w języku ukraińskim, z której wynika, że jest część słów, które zachowały swoją oryginalną wymowę lub zachowują francuskie zasady wymowy, jednakże jest część zapożyczeń, które poddały się „ukrainizacji” lub pod wpływem języka pośredniczącego w procesie zapożyczania.Niewątpliwie wymienione terminy pochodzenia francuskiego świadczą o rozwoju języka ukraińskiego i skłaniają do dalszych badań nad kontaktami ukraińsko-francuskimi.The main aim of this paper is to present the lexical-semantic and etymological analysys of French loanwords in Ukrainian. The study shows that the French are one of the biggest group of borrowing in Ukrainian language. The work consists of 4 sections: the introduction, which describes the aim of paper, the analysis of the lexical material, the part about an adaptation French words in Ukrainian language, the last part draws some conclusions about the linguistic material under examination. The detailed etymological analysis covers lexemes, which are selected from Ukrainian, Polish and Russian etymological dictionaries and from dictionary of foreign words. All lexical loanwords (totally 3211 words) are divided into thirteen groups (semantic classification). Exactly the test material was narrowed down to three semantic groups (202 lexems), which describe interiors, clothing, accessories and culinary terminology.Analysis shows that the most borrowings from French language entered the Ukrainian through Russian and Polish, rarely through French directly. The next step is to analyse the phonetic adaptation of words of French origin in the Ukrainian language, which shows that there is some words that retain their original pronunciation, or retain the French rules of pronunciation, but is part of the borrowings, which have changed theirs forms under the influence of an intermediary language borrowing process. Undoubtedly, these terms indicate a French origin of development of Ukrainian language and tend to further research on the Ukrainian-French contacts.У мовознавчих дослідженнях, які стосуються іноземних впливів на українську, мову бракує праць, присвячених французьким запозиченням. Метою роботи є лексико-семантичний та історико-етимологічний аналіз французьких запозичень в українській мові на основі eтимологічного словника української, польської і російської мов та словника іншомовних слів. У роботі використано описовий метод. Представлено значення слів. На основі лексикографічних джерел створено реєстр французьких запозичень (3211 одиниць). Робота складається з: вступу, аналітичного розділу, розділу про фонетичну адаптацію, висновків, бібліографії, покажчикa слів. Передусім досліджувані терміни поділено на тринадцять груп з огляду на тематику лексичного матеріалу. Потім відокремлено три групи запозичень з огляду на їхню велуку кількість. Ми займалися побутовою термінологією. Етимологічний аналіз виявив, що багато слів увійшло до української за посередництвом російської або польської мови, рідко безпосередньо з французької. Ми створили також класифікацію лексем з огляду на період, в якому вони потрапили в українську мову. Далі, описується фонетичний аналіз французьких слів в українській мові, з якого випливає, що багато слів зберегло оригінальну вимову або дотримується правил французької фонетики, але є також частина лексем, яка змінилася під впливом правил української граматики або мови, яка була посередником в процесі започичення. Без сумніву, вищезгадані терміни французького походження свідчать про розвивання української мови та прихиляються до дальших досліджувань цього питання