Four keys to Chilean culture : authoritarianism, legalism, fatalism and compadrazgo

Chilean culture is said to be part of a wider Hispanic American culture that shares many traits (see Godoy et al. 1986; Subercaseaux 1999; Valdivieso and which could be identified as an identity with a Latin American sense (see Rodríguez et al. 2001). In this sense, though it may seem as if any attempt to describe or analyse particular operating elements, processes, systems and structures were a useless task, the nature of identity makes it a multiple and symbolically contradictory phenomenon, with relevant contextual 'consequences' and particularities that help identify a collective imaginary that can be associated with what means to be Chilean. As such, the importance of meaning lies not on its production but rather on its reception; therefore, we aim to address some elements of the reception that we have identified as 'critical' or 'diagnostic'. By 'critical', we mean those elements, which absence would substantively modify what is collectively associated with Chilean culture and by 'diagnostic', we suggest the possibility they offer of exploring meaningful contextual traits. In order to contextualise our analysis, we will focus on three discursive levels, namely organisational/structural, cultural/ideological and identity. At the organisational/structural level, we will make reference to structure and aesthetics in the broader sense of social context as well as in public and private organisations; at cultural/ideological level, we will make reference to practices, rituals, values and behaviours; and at the identity level we will make reference to strategies individuals use to manage their social identities

Gamma-rays from the compact colliding wind region in Cyg OB2 #5

In this contribution we model the non-thermal emission (from radio to gamma-rays) produced in the compact (and recently detected) colliding wind region in the multiple stellar system Cyg OB2 #5. We focus our study on the detectability of the produced gamma-rays.Comment: To appear in the proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on High-Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy (Gamma2012), held in Heidelberg, July 9-13, 201

Help-Seeking Latina Victims of Domestic Violence and the Programs That Serve Them in New York City

Domestic violence has impacted, and continues to impact the lives of many women. Although impacted by domestic violence, all women may not experience domestic violence in the same way. The purpose of this research was to explore differences that may exist between help-seeking foreign-born Latina and help-seeking U.S-born Latina victims of domestic violence. Using a purposeful sample of 32 help-seeking Latinas who were actively receiving services in one of the many domestic violence programs in New York City, the researcher set out to explore differences in use of services, experiences with domestic violence, perceptions of domestic violence, and satisfaction with program services. Feminist standpoint theory was used as the conceptual framework and intersectionality theory as a lens to facilitate the identification of differences that may exist between the study groups. The results of this study include consequences associated with help-seeking, the need for improving the criminal justice response to domestic violence, and more importantly, the stated needs of help-seekers. In addition, coercive control, effects of domestic violence, the need for accessible and adequate services, and implications for future research are also discussed

Tendencias postmodernistas del pensamiento organizacional

Se analiza el discurso de la postmedernidad a partir de tres ejes fundamentales y cómo se ven reflejadas estas ideas de los escenarios organizacionales, sobre todo en la naturaleza de la realidad y de la producción del conocimiento. Luego se estudian cuatro enfoques de la teoría organizacional postmodernista: la teorización feminista post-estructuralista, los análisis post-coloniales, la teoría actor-red y los enfoques narrativos del conocimiento

The international cooperation for Colombia’s environmental sector in the period 2012-2013

Estudio exploratorio en donde se efectúa el inventario de los mecanismos de cooperación internacional para el sector ambiental de Colombia aprobados y en gestión para el periodo 2012 – 2013, allí se definen la cantidad de proyectos y los montos a los cuales asciende la donación hecha por la cooperación internacional para el sector ambiente en Colombia dentro del periodo 2012 – 2013, igualmente se identifican los principales donantes en la gestión de proyectos para el periodo 2012-2013, acorde a las temáticas y principales ejes de acción de cada proyecto de cooperación en gestión para el periodo señaladoExploratory study where there is made the inventory of the mechanisms of international cooperation for the environmental sector of Colombia approved and management for the period 2012 - 2013, there are defined the number of projects and the amounts to which the donation amounts made by the international cooperation in the environmental sector in Colombia in the period 2012 - 2013, also identifies the main donors in project management for the period 2012-2013, according to the themes and main lines of action of each project management cooperation for the indicated period

Nombrando lo conocido: una nueva especie de Desmopsis (Annonaceae) endémica de México

Background and Aims: A frequently collected species of Desmopsis (Annonaceae) in Mexico has remained indeterminate for more than 30 years. Its floral characteristics are similar to those present in the Asian genus Guamia (now Meiogyne), and for many years it has been named “Guamia mexicana”, but not formally described. Recently, it was shown that “Guamia mexicana” is phylogenetically related to Desmopsis and Stenanona and not to Guamia. However, and despite being frequently collected, its taxonomic status has not been clarified. Here, the phylogenetic relationships and the morphological and ecological characteristics that distinguish “Guamia mexicana” from other species were studied. As a result, this new species is herein described. Methods: The new species was recognized using the unique combination of features through comparisons with morphologically similar species and a literature review. Its pollen characteristics were analysed using scanning electron microscopy. Its phylogenetic relationships were determined based on previously published phylogenies. Lastly, its conservation status was tentatively assessed by calculating extent of occurrence (EOO) and area of occupancy (AOO) using the GeoCAT tool and applying the IUCN Red List categories and criteria. Key results: A new species of Annonaceae endemic to Mexico, namely Desmopsis ibarrarum, is described and illustrated. It is distinguished from other Desmopsis species by the combination of long and cylindrical fruits with many seeds, with a hard and woody testa and densely covered by very small sericeous hairs (velvety), glabrous leaves with percurrent tertiary venation, the absence of leafy bracts on the pedicels, the morphological differentiation of internal and external petals, and the partial fusion of the sepals. Conclusions: Desmopsis ibarrarum is only closely related to Desmopsis dubia and both species are here considered members of a particular lineage within the Desmopsis-Stenanona clade, the “Desmopsis dubia group”.Antecedentes y Objetivos: Una especie de Desmopsis (Annonaceae) colectada frecuentemente en México ha permanecido indeterminada durante más de 30 años. Sus características florales son similares a las del género asiático Guamia (actualmente Meiogyne), y desde hace muchos años se le ha nombrado como “Guamia mexicana”, pero no ha sido descrita formalmente. Recientemente se demostró que “Guamia mexicana” está filogenéticamente emparentada con Desmopsis y Stenanona y no con Guamia. Sin embargo, y a pesar de ser colectada con frecuencia, no se ha aclarado su estatus taxonómico. En este artículo se estudiaron las relaciones filogenéticas y las características morfológicas y ecológicas que distinguen a “Guamia mexicana” de otras especies. Como resultado, esta especie nueva es aquí descrita. Métodos: El reconocimiento de la especie nueva se basó en la correlación de varios caracteres morfológicos, a través de comparaciones con especies morfológicamente similares y de la revisión de literatura. Las características de su polen se analizaron mediante microscopía electrónica de barrido. Sus relaciones filogenéticas se determinaron con base en filogenias publicadas previamente. Finalmente, a partir de sus localidades conocidas se calculó extensión de ocurrencia (EOO) y área de ocupación (AOO) en GeoCAT, y aplicando las categorías y criterios de la Lista Roja de la UICN se determinó su estado de conservación. Resultados clave: Desmopsis ibarrarum, una nueva especie de Annonaceae endémica de México, es descrita e ilustrada. Se distingue de otras especies de Desmopsis por la combinación de frutos largos y cilíndricos con muchas semillas, con una testa dura y leñosa y densamente cubierta por pelos seríceos muy pequeños (aterciopelados), por sus hojas glabras con venación terciaria percurrente, la ausencia de brácteas foliosas en los pedicelos, la diferenciación morfológica de los pétalos internos y externos, y por la fusión parcial de los sépalos. Conclusiones: Desmopsis ibarrarum esta únicamente relacionada a Desmopsis dubia y las dos especies se consideran aquí miembros de un linaje particular dentro del clado Desmopsis-Stenanona, el "grupo Desmopsis dubia"

Sports participation and Labor Market Outcomes: A Correspondence Study

Discrimination contributes to gaps in employment between Whites and Blacks and increases racial inequality. Young Blacks, ages 18 to 19, are twice more likely to be unemployed compared to Whites (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2015). This dissertation is the first study, to my knowledge, to rely on an experimental design to examine whether participation in high school sports affects labor market discrimination. This dissertation uses a correspondence study in which 6,000 fictional resumes are sent to real job openings in Chicago, Dallas, and New York. Call-backs are recorded, and any differences in call-back rates are considered evidence of discrimination. All resume characteristics are randomly assigned, and race is signaled through names. Results suggest that participation in high school sports has a positive effect on call-back rates. The effect of sports participation is particularly beneficial to Black applicants, reducing some of the discrimination Black applicants experience in the labor market. This result is consistent with theories of statistical discrimination

Efficient design of experiment for exponential regression models

In this paper robust and efficient designs are derived for several exponential decay models. These models are widely used in chemistry, pharmacokinetics or microbiology. We propose a maximin approach, which determines the optimal design such that a minimum of the D-efficiencies (taken over a certain range for the nonlinear parameters) becomes maximal. Analytic solutions are derived if optimization is performed in the class of minimal supported designs. In general the optimal designs with respect to the maximin criterion have to be determined numerically and some properties of these designs are also studied. --exponential regression model,D-optimal design,robust design,maximin design,pharmacokinetics,microbiology

Human myiasis in Ecuador.

We review epidemiological and clinical data on human myiasis from Ecuador, based on data from the Ministry of Public Health (MPH) and a review of the available literature for clinical cases. The larvae of four flies, Dermatobia hominis, Cochliomyia hominivorax, Sarcophaga haemorrhoidalis, and Lucilia eximia, were identified as the causative agents in 39 reported clinical cases. The obligate D. hominis, causing furuncular lesions, caused 17 (43.5%) cases distributed along the tropical Pacific coast and the Amazon regions. The facultative C. hominivorax was identified in 15 (38%) clinical cases, infesting wound and cavitary lesions including orbital, nasal, aural and vaginal, and occurred in both subtropical and Andean regions. C. hominivorax was also identified in a nosocomial hospital-acquired wound. Single infestations were reported for S. haemorrhoidalis and L. eximia. Of the 39 clinical cases, 8 (21%) occurred in tourists. Ivermectin, when it became available, was used to treat furuncular, wound, and cavitary lesions successfully. MPH data for 2013–2015 registered 2,187 cases of which 54% were reported in men; 46% occurred in the tropical Pacific coast, 30% in the temperate Andes, 24% in the tropical Amazon, and 0.2% in the Galapagos Islands. The highest annual incidence was reported in the Amazon (23 cases/100,000 population), followed by Coast (5.1/100,000) and Andes (4.7/100,000). Human myiasis is a neglected and understudied ectoparasitic infestation, being endemic in both temperate and tropical regions of Ecuador. Improved education and awareness among populations living in, visitors to, and health personnel working in high-risk regions, is required for improved epidemiological surveillance, prevention, and correct diagnosis and treatment

Pulse-Shape Analysis of PDM-QPSK Modulation Formats for 100 and 200 Gb/s DWDM transmissions

Advanced optical modulation format polarization-division multiplexed quadrature phase shift keying (PDM-QPSK) has become a key ingredient in the design of 100 and 200-Gb/s dense wavelength-division multiplexed (DWDM) networks. The performance of this format varies according to the shape of the pulses employed by the optical carrier: non-return to zero (NRZ), return to zero (RZ) or carrier-suppressed return to zero (CSRZ). In this paper we analyze the tolerance of PDM-QPSK to linear and nonlinear optical impairments: amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise, crosstalk, distortion by optical filtering, chromatic dispersion (CD), polarization mode dispersion (PMD) and fiber Kerr nonlinearities. RZ formats with a low duty cycle value reduce pulse-to-pulse interaction obtaining a higher tolerance to CD, PMD and intrachannel nonlinearities