Consideraciones en el estudio anatómico sobre el músculo peroneo tercero, peroneo anterior, tercer peroneo, peroneo tertius, fibularis tertius

The anatomy of the foot, their knowledge, opens up a wide range of expectations so accurate for diagnosing various pathologies of the foot, and above all, to know you better. The purpose of this study was to look closely at the anatomy of the muscle Tertius peroneo to define its origin and insercción to the controversy raised by the literature, its function in the foot, and its frequency, it is a muscle that is not present in all feet. The third peroneo muscle, also known as peroneo Tertius, is a muscle group of the previous leg, which in the current literature is considered inconsistent, that character was not found in our study. We repeat that the authors describe as an inconstant muscle (eg. Rouvière) adjective meaning in anatomy that it is a muscle in less than 45% of cases. For Testud, in the absence black 14 times in 100, the Europeans 7 or 8 times 100, and lacking in monkeys. According to Kapandji is dorsal flexor, abductor and pronator foot. We intend to demonstrate our dissections, a muscle that is most of what appears and where is its origin and insertion, as well as its presentation and position by photographs of cadaver feet.La anatomía del pie, su conocimiento, nos abre un amplio abanico de expectativas para diagnosticar de manera certera diversas patologías del pie, y sobre todo, para conocerlo mejor. El objeto de éste estudio fue observar detenidamente la anatomía del músculo peroneo tertius, definir su origen e insercción ante la controversia que suscita la bibliografía consultada, su función en el pie, y su frecuencia de aparición, pues es un músculo que no está presente en todos los pies. El músculo tercer peroneo, conocido también como peroneo tertius, es un músculo del grupo anterior de la pierna, que en la literatura actual es considerado inconstante, carácter que no fue comprobado en nuestro estudio. Repetimos que diferentes autores lo califican como un músculo inconstante (por ej. Rouviére), significando éste adjetivo en anatomía que es un músculo presente en menos del 45% de los casos. Para Testud, en la raza negra falta 14 veces en 100, en los europeos 7 u 8 veces cada 100, y falta en los monos. Según Kapandji es flexor dorsal, abductor y pronador del pie. Pretendemos demostrar con nuestras disecciones, que es un músculo más habitual de lo que parece y dónde está su origen e inserción, así como su función,presentación y posición mediante fotografías en pies de cadáver

Thermorresponsive magnetic nanoparticles as target drug delivery for cancer treatment

In this research, temperature sensitive microgels with magnetic core for controlled release of 5-fluoruracil was synthesized. Magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4) were prepared by coprecipitation method and the surface was functionalized by acrylic acid. Polymer poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) were grown by free radical polymerization in presence of cross-liker and initiator. The size of the polymer was manipulated by changing the mole percent of the crosslinker and evaluated for their morphology (TEM), particle size, zeta potential, loading efficiency, drug content and drug release. Furthermore, microgels were tagged with FITC, a fluorochrome which could be applied for cell imaging. Cytotoxicity studies revealed that the microgels were not toxic. These complex nanoparticles (Fe3O4/pNIPAM/FITC/5-Fu) appear to be a great promise to be used in controlled drug delivery and tumor targeting.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Synthesis of New Analogues of the Bengamides to encapsulate in magnetic nanoparticles

The development and identification of new antitumoral has become a research area of great interest and maximum priority due to secondary effects of current antitumoral and the appearance of tumours resistant to these agents. Marine sponges corresponding to the Jaspidae family have proved to be a prolific source of bioactive natural products. Among these, the Bengamides have showed an important biological profile, including antitumor, antibiotic and anthelmintic properties. Due to the interest of theses natural products, we describe a study directed towards the total synthesis of this class of compounds. Then we encapsulate Bengamides in temperature sensitive microgels with a magnetic core. Magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O 4) were prepared by coprecipitation method and the surface was functionalized by acrylic acid. Polymer poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) were grown by free radical polymerization in presence of cross-liker and initiator.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

Association of acculturation with cardiac structure and function among Hispanics/Latinos: a cross-sectional analysis of the echocardiographic study of Latinos.

OBJECTIVE:Hispanics/Latinos, the largest immigrant population in the USA, undergo the process of acculturation and have a large burden of heart failure risk. Few studies have examined the association of acculturation on cardiac structure and function. DESIGN:Cross-sectional. SETTING:The Echocardiographic Study of Latinos. PARTICIPANTS:1818 Hispanic adult participants with baseline echocardiographic assessment and acculturation measured by the Short Acculturation Scale, nativity, age at immigration, length of US residence, generational status and language. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES:Echocardiographic assessment of left atrial volume index (LAVI), left ventricular mass index (LVMI), early diastolic transmitral inflow and mitral annular velocities. RESULTS:The study population was predominantly Spanish-speaking and foreign-born with mean residence in the US of 22.7 years, mean age of 56.4 years; 50% had hypertension, 28% had diabetes and 44% had a body mass index &gt;30 kg/m2. Multivariable analyses demonstrated higher LAVI with increasing years of US residence. Foreign-born and first-generation participants had higher E/e' but lower LAVI and e' velocities compared with the second generation. Higher acculturation and income &gt;20K were associated with higher LVMI, LAVI and E/e' but lower e' velocities. Preferential Spanish-speakers with an income <20K had a higher E/e'. CONCLUSIONS:Acculturation was associated with abnormal cardiac structure and function, with some effect modification by socioeconomic status

High temperature effects in mortar and concrete specimens using a meso-mechanical model with fracture based zero-thickness interface elements

This paper describes recent numerical simulation results of a purely mechanical study of the effects of high temperature in mortar and concrete. The material has been considered as a two-phase composite, with different thermal expansion laws of matrix and particles taken from the literature. The numerical simulation is based on a meso-mechanical model developed in the group of Mechanics of Materials UPC, which represents the largest aggregate particles explicitly, and represent cracks in a discrete manner by inserting zerothickness interface elements in all potential crack trajectories a priori of the analysis. The differential expansions create tensile stresses and therefore cracking, that eventually may close, reopen and lead to non-trivial overall material behavior. The results are discussed and compared to the experimental information available, and lead to a general good agreement, capturing the essential mechanisms described in the literature

Bex3 dimerization regulates NGF-dependent neuronal survival and differentiation by enhancing trkA gene transcription

The development of the nervous system is a temporally and spatially coordinated process that relies on the proper regulation of the genes involved. Neurotrophins and their receptors are directly responsible for the survival and differentiation of sensory and sympathetic neurons; however, it is not fully understood how genes encoding Trk neurotrophin receptors are regulated. Here, we show that rat Bex3 protein specifically regulates TrkA expression by acting at the trkA gene promoter level. Bex3 dimerization and shuttling to the nucleus regulate the transcription of the trkA promoter under basal conditions and also enhance nerve growth factor (NGF)-mediated trkA promoter activation. Moreover, qChIP assays indicate that Bex3 associates with the trkA promoter within a 150 bp sequence, immediately upstream from the transcription start site, which is sufficient to mediate the effects of Bex3. Consequently, the downregulation of Bex3 using shRNA increases neuronal apoptosis in NGF-dependent sensory neurons deprived of NGF and compromises PC12 cell differentiation in response to NGF. Our results support an important role for Bex3 in the regulation of TrkA expression and in NGF-mediated functions through modulation of the trkA promoter.This work was supported by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación Grant BFU2008-00162, by Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad Grant (BFU2011-22898 to J.C.A. and BFU2013-39394-P to P.P.), by a Marie Curie International Reintegration Grant within the European Community 7th Framework Programme, by the Consejería de Educación Grant SA074A08, and by a Consejería de Sanidad de Junta Castilla y León grant to J.C.A. This work was in part supported by the FP7-PAINCAGE integrative project. D.M.-Z. is funded by a grant from the Spanish “Instituto de Saludo Carlos III” PI1202847. L.C. has been the recipient of a Predoctoral Fellowship from the University of Salamanca. J.C.A. was a “Ramón y Cajal” Investigator from the University of Salamanca and a NARSAD 2009 Young Investigator Awardee.Peer Reviewe

Intrapartum and perinatal results associated with different degrees of staining of meconium stained amniotic fluid

OBJECTIVE: To determine the intrapartum and perinatal results associated with different degrees of staining of meconium stained amniotic fluid (MSAF). STUDY DESIGN: In a retrospective cohort study of all singleton deliveries over a period of one year (2015) in a tertiary hospital, we compared different degrees of MSAF (yellow, green and thick) to clear amniotic fluids, and analysed in each group maternal, intrapartum and neonatal variables as well as umbilical cord blood gas analysis. RESULTS: Of the 3590 deliveries included, 503 (14%) had MSAF. The incidence of MSAF rises with gestational age at delivery, reaching 20.7% in gestations above 41 weeks compared to 4.3% below 37 weeks. As the amniotic fluid staining progresses we found a higher proportion of intrapartum fevers (p  0.05). We have observed a similar distribution of umbilical artery pH ranges in all groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: MSAF was associated with an increase in the rate of pathological fetal heart rate patterns, intrapartum fevers, operative vaginal and cesarean section deliveries, need for neonatal resuscitation, low Apgar scores and higher fetal-neonatal mortality. Moreover, we found that the risks increase as the staining and consistency of the amniotic fluid evolves so it should alert the obstetrician and paediatrician to the potential adverse outcomes

Ternary Quantum Dots in Chemical Analysis. Synthesis and Detection Mechanisms

Ternary quantum dots (QDs) are novel nanomaterials that can be used in chemical analysis due their unique physicochemical and spectroscopic properties. These properties are size-dependent and can be adjusted in the synthetic protocol modifying the reaction medium, time, source of heat, and the ligand used for stabilization. In the last decade, several spectroscopic methods have been developed for the analysis of organic and inorganic analytes in biological, drug, environmental, and food samples, in which different sensing schemes have been applied using ternary quantum dots. This review addresses the different synthetic approaches of ternary quantum dots, the sensing mechanisms involved in the analyte detection, and the predominant areas in which these nanomaterials are usedThe authors give thanks to the CONACYT support for the grant number 771019S

Caracterización de los residuos de la industria maderera para su aprovechamiento en diferentes aplicaciones

Wood is considered a versatile and valuable material. It is used as an energy source or as a structural material —for its mechanical properties and visual appearance— and also for the production of non-food consumer products, such as pharmaceutical products, adhesives, textile products, polymeric compounds, cosmetics, papers and various basic products. Motivated by the diversity of wood species and the increasing availability of wood residues, with the following investigation is intended to characterize the residues of three timber species that predominate in Colombian industry: Tectona grandis, Pinus patula and Acacia mangium, in order to promote their transformation into industrial products of greater value than the waste product. Samples wood was subjected to physical, chemical and thermal characterization by means of tests of: density, pH, last analysis, proximal analysis, lignocellulosic content, extractive and calorific value. The results obtained allowed the evaluation of wood waste as a resource of greater value to generate recycled products such as particle boards, fibers or laminated and other materials such as biopulps, composite materials, bioadsorbents and activated carbon, and also the production of fuels type biochar, syngas and bio-oil.La madera se considera un material versátil y valioso, puesto que no solo se utiliza como fuente de energía o como material estructural —dadas sus propiedades mecánicas y su aspecto visual—sino también para la elaboración de productos de consumo no alimenticios, tales como productos farmacéuticos, pinturas, adhesivos, productos textiles, compuestos poliméricos, cosméticos, papeles y diversos productos básicos. Motivada por la diversidad de especies madereras y la creciente disponibilidad de residuos madereros, la actual investigación busca caracterizar los residuos de tres especies maderables que predominan en la industria colombiana: Tectona grandis, Pinus patula y Acacia mangium, con el fin de promover su transformación en productos industriales de mayor valor que el producto de desecho. Muestras representativas se sometieron a caracterización física, química y térmica mediante análisis de densidad, pH, análisis último, análisis próximo, contenido lignocelulósico, extractivos y poder calorífico. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron valorar los residuos madereros como un recurso de mayor valor para generar productos reciclados como, por ejemplo, tableros de partículas, fibras o alistonados, u otros materiales como biopulpas para papel, materiales compuestos, bioadsorbentes y carbón activado, e igualmente destinada a la producción de combustibles tipo biochar, syngas y bioaceite

Comunicando a ciência para a memória: Duas décadas do tractorazo. Extensão universitária e história recente na província de Misiones

En mayo de 2002 colonos y colonas se movilizaron en sus tractores desde diferentes puntos de la provincia de Misiones con dirección a Posadas, exigiendo un precio justo para la yerba mate, hecho histórico que se denominó “tractorazo”. Estas movilizaciones materializaron la realidad de las familias productoras del interior de Misiones y, en la actualidad, son acontecimientos clave de la memoria e historia reciente local. En el presente trabajo compartimos los análisis de la experiencia del Proyecto de Extensión “Semana de la Yerba Mate” (SYM) realizado durante el mes de mayo de 2022 en la ciudad de Posadas, Misiones. Consideramos que el aniversario del Tractorazo de 2002 brindó un contexto de necesaria reflexión, pero también un ámbito propicio para promover espacios de comunicación de la ciencia y la tecnología, de la producción de la Universidad, el intercambio, la reflexión de esos aportes, desde una visión crítica con la participación activa de un público que trascienda a la comunidad académica.In May 2002, settlers and settlers mobilized in their tractors from different points of the province of Misiones towards Posadas demanding a fair price for yerba mate, a historic event called “tractorazo”. ese mobilizations materialized the reality of the producing families of the interior of Misiones and nowadays they are key events in the memory and recent local history. In this paper we share the analysis of the experience of the Extension Project “Yerba Mate Week” (SYM) carried out during the month of May 2022 in the city of Posadas, Misiones. We consider that the anniversary of the Tractorazo of 2002 provided a context of necessary reflection but it is also a propitious space to promote spaces for communication of science and technology, of the production of the University, the exchange, the reflection of these contributions, from a critical view with the active participation of a public that transcends the academic community.Em maio de 2002, colonos e assentados se mobilizaram em seus tratores de diferentes partes da província de Misiones em direção a Posadas, exigindo um preço justo pela erva-mate, um evento histórico que ficou conhecido como o “tractorazo”. Essas mobilizações materializaram a realidade das famílias produtoras do interior de Misiones e hoje são fatos marcantes na memória e na história local recente. Neste artigo, compartilhamos a análise da experiência do Projeto de Extensão “Semana da ErvaMate” (SYM), realizado durante o mês de maio de 2022 na cidade de Posadas, Misiones. Consideramos que o aniversário do Tractorazo de 2002 proporcionou um contexto para a reflexão necessária, mas também é um espaço propício para promover espaços de comunicação da ciência e da tecnologia, da produção da Universidade, do intercâmbio, da reflexão dessas contribuições, de um ponto de vista crítico com a participação ativa de um público que transcende a comunidade acadêmica.Fil: Rodriguez, Maria Itati. Universidad Nacional de Misiones; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; ArgentinaFil: López del Valle, Carlos Emmanuel. Universidad Nacional de Misiones; Argentin