Multi-compartment profiling of cacterial and host metabolites identifies intestinal dysbiosis and its functional consequences in the critically ill child

Adverse physiology and antibiotic exposure devastate the intestinal microbiome in critical illness. Time and cost implications limit the immediate clinical potential of microbial sequencing to identify or treat intestinal dysbiosis. Here, we examined whether metabolic profiling is a feasible method of monitoring intestinal dysbiosis in critically ill children. Prospective multicenter cohort study. Three U.K.-based PICUs. Mechanically ventilated critically ill (n = 60) and age-matched healthy children (n = 55). Collection of urine and fecal samples in children admitted to the PICU. A single fecal and urine sample was collected in healthy controls. Untargeted and targeted metabolic profiling using 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry or urine and fecal samples. This was integrated with analysis of fecal bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA profiles and clinical disease severity indicators. We observed separation of global urinary and fecal metabolic profiles in critically ill compared with healthy children. Urinary excretion of mammalian-microbial co-metabolites hippurate, 4-cresol sulphate, and formate were reduced in critical illness compared with healthy children. Reduced fecal excretion of short-chain fatty acids (including butyrate, propionate, and acetate) were observed in the patient cohort, demonstrating that these metabolites also distinguished between critical illness and health. Dysregulation of intestinal bile metabolism was evidenced by increased primary and reduced secondary fecal bile acid excretion. Fecal butyrate correlated with days free of intensive care at 30 days (r = 0.38; p = 0.03), while urinary formate correlated inversely with vasopressor requirement (r = -0.2; p = 0.037). Disruption to the functional activity of the intestinal microbiome may result in worsening organ failure in the critically ill child. Profiling of bacterial metabolites in fecal and urine samples may support identification and treatment of intestinal dysbiosis in critical illness.This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CCBY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

Comprehensive multivariate correlations between climatic effect, metabolite-profile, antioxidant capacity and antibacterial activity of Brazilian red propolis metabolites during seasonal study

The standardization of apiceutical products like as propolis extracts has been widely debated worldwide and variations in the propolis chemical composition are still very relevant topics for use-standardized of different propolis-type as medication by much of the world’s population. The present manuscript discuss important issues related to the climate effect and variations in propolis metabolite-profiling changes, antioxidant capacity and variations of the antibacterial activity of the Brazilian red propolis metabolites using comprehensive multivariate correlations. It was observed the increasing of guttiferones concentrations during the intense drought period and drastic decreasing in rainy period. The climate variation induced the high concentration of flavonoids in rainy period with pronounced dropped in some rainy months. The Pearson´s analysis demonstrated correlation between IC50 from DPPH and guttiferones and flavonoids concentrations. The PCA-X and Hotelling T2 test showed outliers during the months with lowest concentrations of formononetin and isoliquiritigenin was observed in antibacterial tests. The PLS-DA, OPLS-DA and VIP analysis demonstrate guttiferone E, guttiferone B, liquiritigenin, naringenin are considered important substances responsible by anti-staphylococcal activity in red propolis composition during the rainy season and drought period, but a synergistic effect with other flavonoids and isoflavonoids are not ruled out

Association between the Duration of the Active Commuting to and from School, and Cognitive Performance in Urban Portuguese Adolescents

This study aimed to analyze the differences between active commuting to school (ACS) and non-ACS in cognitive performance (CP), and the association of ACS duration with CP. This cross-sectional study included 370 adolescents (males n = 170), with a mean age of 15.28 ± 2.25 years. CP was assessed through an interview, and ACS, extracurricular physical activity, and socioeconomic status was assessed by self-report. Body composition was assessed using the FitnessGram test battery. One in two adolescents did ACS (51.6%). ACS was associated with boys (53.9%), younger adolescents (14.91 ± 2.15 vs. 15.69 ± 2.29), those having school social support (55.0%), and those doing one or more extracurricular physical activities (53.6%), compared to non-ACS participants (p < 0.05). The analysis of covariance, after controlling for age, sex, school social support, and participation in extracurricular physical activity, showed an effect of ACS on the total cognitive score (F(2,362) = 3.304, p < 0.05). The CP was higher in adolescents with more than 30 min of ACS than non-ACS (p < 0.05). The influence of ACS duration can be seen in the dimensions of inductive reasoning (ß = 0.134, t = 2.587, p < 0.05) and working memory (ß = 0.130, t = 2.525, p < 0.05). The role of ACS for CP, as well as guidelines for future research, are discussed

Docking and physico-chemical properties of α- and β-cyclodextrin complex containing isopulegol: a comparative study

Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2016-08-22T13:38:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Menezes PP Docking and physico....pdf: 12854402 bytes, checksum: 419d9e1de1f210c3875e46869e7262ba (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2016-08-22T14:10:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Menezes PP Docking and physico....pdf: 12854402 bytes, checksum: 419d9e1de1f210c3875e46869e7262ba (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-22T14:10:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Menezes PP Docking and physico....pdf: 12854402 bytes, checksum: 419d9e1de1f210c3875e46869e7262ba (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-04Universidade Federal de Sergipe. Departamento de Farmácia. São Cristóvão, SE, BrasilUniversidade Federal de Sergipe. Departamento de Farmácia. São Cristóvão, SE, BrasilUniversidade Federal de Sergipe. Departamento de Farmácia. São Cristóvão, SE, BrasilUniversidade Federal de Sergipe. Departamento de Farmácia. São Cristóvão, SE, BrasilUniversidade Federal de Sergipe. Departamento de Fisiologia. São Cristóvão, SE, BrasilUniversidade Federal de Sergipe. Departamento de Química. São Cristóvão, SE, BrasilUniversidade Federal de Sergipe. Departamento de Química. São Cristóvão, SE, BrasilUniversidade Federal de Sergipe. Departamento de Mineralogia e Geotectônica. São Cristóvão, SE, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilUniversidade Estadual da Paraíba. Laboratório de Síntese e Vetorização de Moléculas. Campina Grande, PB, BrasilUniversidade Federal da Paraíba. Campina Grande, PB, BrasilUniversidade Federal da Paraíba. Departamento de Engenharia e Ambiente. Campina Grande, PB, BrasilUniversidade Federal de Sergipe. Departamento de Engenharia Química. São Cristóvão, SE, BrasilUniversidade Federal de Alagoas. Laboratório de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear. Maceió, AL, BrasilUniversidade Federal de Alagoas. Laboratório de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear. Maceió, AL, BrasilUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Departamento de Farmácia. Natal, RGNorte, BrasilUniversidade Federal de Sergipe. Departamento de Farmácia. São Cristóvão, SE, BrasilIsopulegol (ISOP) is a monoterpenoid alcohol presented in the essential oils of several plants that possesses therapeutic properties The aim of this work was prepare samples with ISOP and α- and β-cyclodextrins (α- and β-CD) through three different methods: physical mixture, paste method (PC) and slurry complexation (SC). In order to evaluate the formation of inclusion complexes, the techniques of differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry/derivative thermogravimetry, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry (XRD), gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analyses (GC/MS), docking, nuclear magnetic resonance and scanning electron microscopy were considered. The analyses of the α-CD or β-CD/ISOP revealed the formation of a complex mainly through the PC and SC methods for α-CD and β-CD, respectively. XRD diffraction characteristics presented formation of a trend to new solid phase, which suggested the formation of inclusion complexes. The GC/MS demonstrated that the PC method was the best one to form complexation with α-CD (48.8 %). Concerning β-CD, the SC method exhibited the strongest complexation (68.3 %). Furthermore, the molecular theoretical docking study demonstrated that α-CD/ISOP inclusion complex formed a more stable complex than did the β-CD/ISOP inclusion complex