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Vacuum fluctuations of a scalar field near a reflecting boundary and their effects on the motion of a test particle
The contribution from quantum vacuum fluctuations of a real massless scalar
field to the motion of a test particle that interacts with the field in the
presence of a perfectly reflecting flat boundary is here investigated. There is
no quantum induced dispersions on the motion of the particle when it is alone
in the empty space. However, when a reflecting wall is introduced, dispersions
occur with magnitude dependent on how fast the system evolves between the two
scenarios. A possible way of implementing this process would be by means of an
idealized sudden switching, for which the transition occurs instantaneously.
Although the sudden process is a simple and mathematically convenient
idealization it brings some divergences to the results, particularly at a time
corresponding to a round trip of a light signal between the particle and the
wall. It is shown that the use of smooth switching functions, besides
regularizing such divergences, enables us to better understand the behavior of
the quantum dispersions induced on the motion of the particle. Furthermore, the
action of modifying the vacuum state of the system leads to a change in the
particle energy that depends on how fast the transition between these states is
implemented. Possible implications of these results to the similar case of an
electric charge near a perfectly conducting wall are discussed.Comment: 17 pages, 8 figure
Caracterização e propagação de plantas medicinais do horto de plantas medicinais da Embrapa Amazônia Oriental.
Sustainability assessment of an oil palm farm through the implementation of an integrated indicators system.
Sustainability assessment of an oil palm farm through the implementation of an integrated indicators system.
Rural establishments environmental management and insertion in production chains of oleaginous crops for biofuels.
Building upon a set of socio-environmental impact assessments carried out in five rural territories across the country, regarding the context of increasing demand for oleaginous crops for biofuels production, this study presents the sustainability assessment of rural establishments in those territories, aiming at checking the impact results against current local agricultural settings. The main results point out that, in general, the ecological dimensions of sustainability, such as Landscape Ecology and Atmosphere, Water, and Soil quality indicators, show adequate field conditions, seemingly not yet negatively affected by inputs and natural resources pressure increases, predicted as important potential impacts. On the other hand, most valuable positive consequences expected from the socio-environmental impact assessments, such as improved Socio-cultural Values and Management & Administration indicators, are still opportunities to be realized, if sustainable local rural development is to occur under the emerging agro-energy scenario
Conservação e melhoramento genético da pimenteira-do-reino (Piper nigrum L.) em associação com as técnicas de biotecnologia.
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