Analysis of a 17.9 kb region from Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome VII reveals the presence of eight open reading frames, including BRF1 (TFIIIB70) and GCN5 genes

We report the nucleotide sequence of a 17,893 bp DNA segment from the right arm of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome VII. This fragment begins at 482 kb from the centromere. The sequence includes the BRF1 gene, encoding TFIIIB70, the 5' portion of the GCN5 gene, an open reading frame (ORF) previously identified as ORF MGA1, whose translation product shows similarity to heat-shock transcription factors and five new ORFs. Among these, YGR250 encodes a polypeptide that harbours a domain present in several polyA binding proteins. YGR245 is similar to a putative Schizosaccharomyces pombe gene, YGR248 shows significant similarity with three ORFs of S. cerevisiae situated on different chromosomes, while the remaining two ORFs, YGR247 and YGR251, do not show significant similarity to sequences present in databases

Saúde cardiovascular e idosos: revisão de literatura

RESUMO: A saúde cardiovascular possui 7 principais fatores de risco de alteraçõessegundo a American Heart Association (AHA), os quais estão intimamente relacionadoscom o envelhecimento. O objetivo desse estudo é realizar uma revisão de literatura sobrea relação entre a saúde cardiovascular e o envelhecimento. Foi realizada uma revisão deliteratura com busca bibliográfica nas bases de dados Scielo, Google Acadêmico ePubMed, tendo como critério de exclusão artigos os que continham em seu conteúdooutras variáveis que não estavam relacionadas exclusivamente com o tema e de inclusãoartigos científicos originais publicados entre 2011 e 2019. Foram utilizados comodescritores: doenças cardiovasculares, envelhecimento, exercise, cardiovasculardiseases, epidemiologia, doença crônica e atenção primária a saúde. Como resultados,foram encontrados como fatores associados a prevalência de doencas cardiovascularesos mesmos apontados pela American Heart Association (AHA), ou seja, tabagismo,atividade física, índice de massa corporal e dieta (fatores comportamentais), pressãoarterial, níveis de colesterol e glicemia (fatores biológicos). Logo, conclui-se que há umaclara relação entre as doenças cardiovasculares e o envelhecimento, sendo este um dosprincipais fatores que acarretam naquelas, além disso, há outros fatores que se associamao envelhecimento

Acessibilidade física de pessoas com deficiência em hospitais públicos

Objective: Check the physical facilities of public hospitals in the city of João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil, in order to improve the access of people with disabilities. Methodology: This was a descriptive, exploratory study with a quantitative approach, conducted in four public hospitals in João Pessoa-PB. Data were collected through systematic observation technique, using a structured questionnaire by the researcher with the information contained in ABNT NBR 9050. Results: The results showed irregularities of hospitals in relation to the physical structure recommended by the ABNT NBR 9.050/2004. Conclusion: Thus it is suggested that health institutions suited to improvements regarding accessibility for people with disabilities to exercise their rights as citizens, ensuring security, autonomy and well-being.Objetivo: Verificar las instalaciones físicas de los hospitales públicos de la ciudad de João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil, con el fin de mejorar el acceso de las personas con discapacidad. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, exploratorio, con abordaje cuantitativo, realizado en cuatro hospitales públicos en João Pessoa-PB. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de la técnica de la observación sistemática, utilizando un cuestionario estructurado por el investigador con la información contenida en la ABNT NBR 9050. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron irregularidades de los hospitales en relación con la estructura física recomendada por la ABNT NBR 9.050/2004. Conclusión: Por lo tanto, se sugiere que las instituciones de salud se adapten a las mejoras en materia de accesibilidad para que las personas con discapacidad física puedan ejercer sus derechos como ciudadanos, garantizando la seguridad, la autonomía y el bienestar.Objetivo: Verificar as instalações físicas de hospitais públicos no município de João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil, com vista para melhorias ao acesso de pessoas com deficiência. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, exploratório com abordagem quantitativa, realizado em quatro hospitais públicos de João Pessoa-PB. Os dados foram coletados por meio da técnica de observação sistemática, utilizando um instrumento estruturado através da pesquisadora, com informações contidas na norma NBR 9050 da ABNT.Resultados: Os resultados obtidos mostraram irregularidades dos hospitais em relação à estrutura física recomendada pela norma NBR 9.050/2004 da ABNT. Conclusão: Desse modo sugere-se que as instituições de saúde se adequem a melhorias no tocante a acessibilidade, para que as pessoas com deficiência física exerçam seus direitos como cidadãos, garantindo segurança, autonomia e bem-estar

Por que as demarcações de terras indígenas são judicializadas no Brasil? Uma revisão sistemática da literatura

Processos de reconhecimento de terras indígenas no Brasil são contenciosos e, não raro, geram controvérsias que são arguidas nas cortes do poder judiciário, em lides que podem se arrastar por décadas. Quais são os fatores que fazem com que um processo dessa natureza seja judicializado? Para responder a essa questão, lançamos mão de uma revisão de literatura sistemática integrativa. Nossos achados apontam como variáveis a serem consideradas: 1. a ocorrência de conflitos de ordem econômica e fundiária; 2. a ineficiência estatal; 3. o desenho institucional da política de reconhecimento de terras tradicionais e; 4. a aplicação da tese do marco temporal. Concluímos apontando para a necessidade de realização de pesquisas empíricas para testar os efeitos desses fatores em casos concretos de demarcações de terras indígenas

Gravidez na adolescência no Brasil: Determinantes sociais, culturais e econômicos

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), adolescence is a modern phenomenon that is characterized by chronological, physical, social and cultural criteria. Furthermore, she recommends adolescence as the period between 10 and 19 years old. In this sense, it is crucial to consider the factors that led these adolescents to experience early motherhood, as well as their expectations, and recognize them as subjects of rights and duties. Furthermore, it is essential to analyze the social, cultural and economic aspects in which these adolescents are inserted. The methodology adopted in this research was an integrative literature review. To investigate the issue raised and integrate, evaluate and synthesize the results of relevant studies, standardized analysis and replication techniques of similar studies were used. These studies reveal the diversity of perspectives and the complexity of the social, cultural and economic determinants involved in teenage pregnancy in Brazil, highlighting both convergences and possible divergences that must be considered for a holistic and effective approach to preventing and mitigating this phenomenon. Furthermore, studies show that the effectiveness of sexual education in schools is still insufficient to prevent early pregnancies, and that the cultural idealization of motherhood can encourage early pregnancy. The intersectionality of factors such as social class, gender and race reveals profound inequalities that perpetuate teenage pregnancy, especially in regions with great economic disparities.Segundo a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), a adolescência é um fenômeno moderno que se caracteriza por critérios cronológicos, físicos, sociais e culturais. Ademais, ela preconiza a adolescência como o período entre 10 e 19 anos. Nesse sentido, é crucial considerar os fatores que levaram essas adolescentes a vivenciar a maternidade precoce, bem como suas expectativas, e reconhecê-las como sujeitos de direitos e deveres. Além disso, é fundamental analisar os aspectos sociais, culturais e econômicos nos quais essas adolescentes estão inseridas. A metodologia adotada nesta pesquisa foi uma revisão integrativa da literatura. Para investigar a problemática levantada e integrar, avaliar e sintetizar os resultados de estudos pertinentes foram utilizadas técnicas padronizadas de análise e replicação de estudos semelhantes. Esses estudos revelam a diversidade de perspectivas e a complexidade dos determinantes sociais, culturais e econômicos envolvidos na gravidez na adolescência no Brasil, destacando tanto convergências quanto possíveis divergências que devem ser consideradas para uma abordagem holística e eficaz na prevenção e mitigação desse fenômeno. Além disso, os estudos mostram que a eficácia da educação sexual nas escolas ainda é insuficiente para prevenir gestações precoces, e que a idealização cultural da maternidade pode incentivar a gravidez precoce. A interseccionalidade de fatores como classe social, gênero e raça revela profundas desigualdades que perpetuam a gravidez na adolescência, especialmente em regiões com grandes disparidades econômicas.&nbsp

ENDOCRINOLOGIA PEDIÁTRICA: ATUALIZAÇÕES EM DISTÚRBIOS HORMONAIS NA INFÂNCIA

  Pediatric endocrinology is a vital area of medicine that requires constant updating and research. By studying hormonal disorders in childhood and pediatric endocrinology, we can hope to improve the quality of life and care of children affected by these disorders. The aim of this study was to look at the latest updates on hormonal disorders in childhood, with a focus on pediatric endocrinology. To this end, a systematic literature review was carried out, selecting scientific studies published between 2019 and 2024, available in the Scielo, Medline and Lilacs databases. After analyzing the results, the main conclusion is that recent advances in genetic research have provided a deeper understanding of the molecular basis of pediatric hormonal disorders, such as Kallmann syndrome and Prader-Willi syndrome, paving the way for more targeted and effective therapies in the future.  A endocrinologia pediátrica é uma área vital da medicina que requer constante atualização e pesquisa. Por meio do estudo dos distúrbios hormonais na infância e da endocrinologia pediátrica, é possível esperar a melhoria da qualidade de vida e o cuidado das crianças afetadas por esses distúrbios. Trata-se de um estudo cujo objetivo foi estudar atualizações mais recentes em distúrbios hormonais na infância, com foco na endocrinologia pediátrica. Nesse sentido, realizou-se uma revisão sistemática de literatura, com a seleção de estudos científicos publicados entre os anos de 2019 e 2024, disponíveis nas bases de dados Scielo, Medline e Lilacs. Após análise dos resultados, a principal conclusão é que avanços recentes na pesquisa genética têm proporcionado uma compreensão mais profunda das bases moleculares de distúrbios hormonais pediátricos, como a síndrome de Kallmann e a Síndrome de Prader-Willi, abrindo caminho para terapias mais direcionadas e eficazes no futuro

Urbs e civitas: a formação dos espaços e territórios urbanos nas minas setecentistas

O presente artigo procura situar a evolução das abordagens acerca da cidade colonial mineira dentro da perspectiva mais ampla dos estudos sobre o urbanismo colonial português. A análise privilegia os trabalhos que, em vez de se aterem aos aspectos ligados à estética urbana, procuraram relacioná-los às questões fundiárias e à constituição das redes e hierarquias urbanas.This article seeks to situate the evolution of approaches to the study of the colonial towns of Minas Gerais placing them in the broader perspective of studies on the Portuguese colonial urbanism. Instead of restricting our approach to questions of urban aesthetics, the analysis focuses on the works that tried to relate these questions to aspects of land ownership and to the establishment of networks and urban hierarchies

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults

Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI &lt;18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). For school&#x2;aged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI &lt;2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference) and obesity (BMI &gt;2 SD above the median). Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining underweight or thinness. Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesit