1,481 research outputs found

    EDUCATIONAL INDICATORS BASED ON THE PNAD DATABASE FROM 2001 AND 2011

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    This study aims to introduce some aspects of home databases of the National Sample Household Surveys (PNAD), provided by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), analyzing their advantages and disadvantages. The PNADs are important for the study of education as they enabled the calculation of various educational indicators that can be broken down into several levels of geographic units and various demographic and socioeconomic groups, such as income level, age, sex, educational group of parents etc. and would permit the study of historical series. Secondly, we present the calculation methodology for a set of educational indicators derived from the home bases, such as illiteracy rates, average years of schooling, schooling rate and others. With these indicators built up a picture of the evolution of Brazilian education, the Northeast and the Sergipe state for the years 2001 and 2011.The results show that the Brazilian education, despite recent advances, is still very precarious, even when compared to income countries per capita equal to or similar to ours

    Convergência de renda: uma análise em painel para as regiões brasileiras no período 1995-2009

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    O presente trabalho examina a hipótese da convergência do Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) per capita nas regiões brasileiras, no período 1995-2009, com foco no capital humano. Os estados brasileiros foram divididos em quatro amostras, no intuito de gerar uma maior homogeneidade na análise, necessária para tratar a questão da convergência. Tendo como aparato as teorias e os modelos de crescimento econômico, foram testadas as hipóteses de convergência b (absoluta e condicional) e s-convergência durante o período citado. Utilizando o Software Stata versão 12.1, os coeficientes foram estimados através de dados em painel dinâmico. Os resultados apontaram a existência de s-convergência, b-absoluta e b-condicional, obtendo, no caso da convergência absoluta, taxas de crescimento bem superiores às encontradas na literatura empírica. Sob a utilização de proxies do capital humano, a convergência condicional mostrou-se aparentemente diferenciada entre as amostras consideradas, revelando a persistência das diferenças inter-regionais. Palavras-chave: capital humano; dados em painel; convergência do PIB per capita Título em inglês:Income convergence: a panel analysis of Brazilian regions over the period from 1995 to 2009AbstractThis paper examines the hypothesis of GDP per capita convergence in Brazilian regions during the period from 1995 to 2009, with a focus on human capital. Brazilian states were divided into four samples in order to generate greater homogeneity in the analysis, which is necessary to address the issue of convergence. Based on the theories and models of economic growth, we tested the hypothesis of b- (absolute and conditional) convergence, and s-convergence during the same period. Using Stata software, version 12.1, the coefficients were estimated drawing on the dynamic panel data. The results indicate the existence of s-, b-absolute and b -conditional convergence, obtaining, in the case of absolute convergence, growth rates well above those found in the empirical literature. Under the use of proxies of human capital, the conditional convergence proved to be apparently different between the samples considered, revealing the persistence of inter-regional differences.Keywords: human capital; panel data; convergence of GDP per capitaClassificação JEL: J24, C23, O47 Artigo recebido em dez. 2013 e aceito para publicação em abr. 2016

    Antimicrobial activity of phenolic extracts of Eucalyptus globulus and Juglans regia against dairy industry pathogens

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    Book of Abstracts of CEB Annual Meeting 2017[Excerpt] Bovine mastitis (BM) is the most expensive pathology for dairy industry and Staphylococcus aureus is amongst the most prevalent causative agents of this disease. Nowadays, it is known that S. aureus contaminated milk can enter the dairy production chain and be the origin of food contamination. Due to the poor efficacy of antibiotics and to the ability to form biofilms evidenced by this pathogen, BM has become increasingly difficult to control and to eradicate. Phenolic plant extracts are nowadays being evaluated since they are a rich source of bioactive molecules. Thus, in this work the antimicrobial activity of E. globulus and J. regia alone and in combination against S. aureus BM isolates was evaluated and compared with penicillin G (Pen G), an antibiotic commonly used in the treatment of this pathology. The evaluation of the cytotoxic potential of both extracts was also performed. [...]info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    Números racionais não negativos - tarefas para o 5.º ano

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    Este livro contém um conjunto de tarefas matemáticas, e a sua exploração, para apoio ao novo programa de Matemática do ensino básico.Direcção Geral de Inovação e Desenvolvimento Curricular - Ministério da Educaçã

    Glycyrrhiza glabra hydroethanolic extract and manuka honey alone and in combination inhibit bacterial and fungal planktonic cells and biofilms

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    The natural tendency of polymicrobial infections and co-habitation of bacteria and Candida are currently well-recognized and reported as highly fatal. This kind of interaction is usually associated with drug tolerance, infection relapse, persistence and high mortality. The interest in natural products has emerged and their potential applicability as therapeutic strategies is being constantly explored. Purpose: The main goal of this work is to evaluate the effect of the hydroethanolic extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra, and Manuka honey, in Staphylococcus aureus and Candida tropicalis planktonic cells and single and mixed biofilms. Methods: The effect of both the G. glabra extract and the honey was evaluated by determination of the minimum inhibitory/bactericidal/fungicidal concentrations and by determination of their antibiofilm activity (alone and in combination) on single and mixed-species biofilms. In addition, phenolic compounds were characterized in the hydroethanolic extract with high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Results: Among the phenolic compounds identified in the G. glabra extract, flavonoids were the most abundant (≈75 % of the total phenolic compounds), with liquiritigenin being the most representative. S. aureus and C. tropicalis were susceptible to both antimicrobials acting alone. When tested in combination, a significative synergism was observed against C. tropicalis single biofilm formation. Instead, the combination showed an additive effect against mixed biofilms of S. aureus and C. tropicalis. In general the combination G. glabra+honey showed a broader antibiofilm effect than each partner alone. Conclusion: The results showed the good anti S. aureus and C. tropicalis effect of G. glabra and manuka honey against both pathogens tested and highlighted their potential use in combination as therapeutic strategy to combat S. aureus, C. tropicalis and mixed species infections particularly when growing as biofilms.The authors are grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) for financial support by national funds FCT/ MCTES under the scope of the strategic funding of UIDB/04469/2020 unit, and by LABBELS – Associate Laboratory in Biotechnology, Bioengineering and Microelectromechanical Systems, LA/P/0029/2020; as also for CIMO UIDB/00690/2020 (DOI: 10.54499/UIDB/00690/2020) and UIDP/00690/2020 (DOI: 10.54499/UIDP/00690/2020); and SusTEC, LA/P/0007/2020 (DOI: 10.54499/LA/P/0007/2020); national funding by FCT, P.I., through the institutional scientific employment program-contract for L. Barros and M.I. Dias contracts.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    Reduced-bias and partially reduced-bias mean-of-order-p value-at-risk estimation: a Monte-Carlo comparison and an application

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    On the basis of a sample of either independent, identically distributed or possibly weakly dependent and stationary random variables from an unknown model F with a heavy right-tail function, and for any small level q, the value-at-risk (VaR) at the level q, i.e. the size of the loss that occurs with a probability q, is estimated by new semi-parametric reduced-bias procedures based on the mean-of-order-p of a set of k quotients of upper order statistics, with p an adequate real number. After a brief reference to the asymptotic properties of these new VaR-estimators, we proceed to an overall comparison of alternative VaR-estimators, for finite samples, through large-scale Monte-Carlo simulation techniques. Possible algorithms for an adaptive VaR-estimation, an application to financial data and concluding remarks are also provided

    Horta pedagógica: um recurso promotor da articulação de saberes

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    Inserida no ambiente escolar, a horta pode funcionar como um laboratório vivo propício à aprendizagem, pode encarar-se como um espaço privilegiado para o desenvolvimento de atividades com vista à promoção, inserção e articulação de distintas áreas do conhecimento. É neste contexto que surge o projeto “há horta na escola – semeando a sustentabilidade do futuro”, tendo em consideração as atuais orientações, nomeadamente, a Estratégia Nacional de Educação Ambiental 2017-2020; os Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável da Agenda 2030 da Organização das Nações Unidas; as Medidas Educativas de Acompanhamento; o Perfil dos Alunos à Saída da Escolaridade Obrigatória; e as Aprendizagens Essenciais, que estabelecem um compromisso colaborativo, estratégico e de coesão na construção da literacia ambiental em Portugal sobre os valores associados ao desenvolvimento sustentável. O projeto tem como principais objetivos: (i) utilizar a horta como um laboratório vivo para observação, experimentação, pesquisa e discussão sobre processos naturais; (ii) fomentar o espírito de cooperação, o trabalho em equipa e o sentido de responsabilidade; e (iii) enfatizar a relevância da ciência nas questões do dia a dia e a sua aplicação na Tecnologia, na Sociedade e no Ambiente. Trata-se de um estudo de natureza qualitativa e descritiva, em que se recolhem um conjunto de informações com a intenção de as interpretar e compreender. Assim, descrevemos um conjunto de atividades desenvolvidas ao longo do ano letivo 2018/2019 pelos alunos de uma turma de 8.º ano de escolaridade, entendendo a horta escolar como um recurso pedagógico, em que são abordados diferentes conteúdos de forma significativa e contextualizada, com destaque para a importância das temáticas de educação ambiental como elemento articulador do ensino das ciências. Os resultados evidenciam a pertinência de orientar os alunos para a análise, interpretação das questões ambientais e o seu impacte no nosso dia a dia, favorecendo uma aprendizagem voltada para a formação de valores no sentido de desencadear habilidades e competências voltadas para a conservação e para o compromisso com o ambiente. Mostram, também, que os alunos se motivam e valorizam as atividades que desenvolvem na horta, embora não a associem a um espaço pedagógico. Assim, concluímos que é necessário a ampliação do espaço educativo e que as questões ambientais devem ser transversais a várias áreas do saber, nomeadamente à educação em ciências.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
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