Renal Disease in Metabolic Syndrome: the Hidden Role of Intrarenal Ischemia

Diabetic nephropathy; Metabolic syndrome; Vascular diseaseNefropatía diabética; Síndrome metabólico; Enfermedad vascularNefropatia diabètica; Síndrome metabòlica; Malaltia vascularIntroduction The pathogenesis of renal disease in obesity and metabolic syndrome (MS) is mostly unknown. This is in part because of the limited information about renal morphological changes in these conditions. We evaluated renal histology in subjects with MS and those without MS, who are participants in the European Nephrectomy Biobank (ENBiBA) project. Methods MS was defined with at least 3 of the following criteria: (i) body mass index (BMI) ≥27 kg/m2; (ii) prediabetes: fasting glucose of 100–125 mg/dl or HbA1c >5.7%; (iii) systolic or diastolic blood pressure >140/90 mm Hg or the use of medications; and (iv) triglycerides >150 mg/dl or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol <40 (in men) or 50 mg/dl (in women). The absence of these criteria defined patients without MS. Exclusion criteria were diabetes or known causes of renal disease. Results A total of 157 cases were evaluated: 49 without and 108 with MS. Those with MS were older (54 ± 16 vs. 66 ± 11, P < 0.0001), had more prevalent chronic kidney disease (CKD, estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] <60 ml/min): 24% (23%) versus 4% (8%) (P = 0.02), and had higher albumin-to-creatinine ratio (10 [4–68] vs. 4.45 [0–27], P = 0.05) than those without MS. Global sclerosis (3% [1–7] vs. 7% [3–13], P < 0.0001), nodular sclerosis, mesangial expansion, glomerulomegaly; moderate + severe hyalinosis, and arteriosclerosis were more frequent in those with MS than in those without (88 [82] vs. 29 [59]; 83 [77] vs. 30 [61]; P < 0.05). These vascular changes were independent of differences in age. Conclusion In MS, ischemic renal disease may play a role in renal disease. In addition, some patients may develop lesions compatible with diabetic nephropathy such as increased mesangial expansion and nodular sclerosis. Further analyses are needed to study the consequences of the pandemic of obesity on renal health

Integration of Microalgae in a Wastewater Treatment Plant

The aim of this study is evaluated the employment of a digestate of a conventional wastewater treatment plant us the only source of nutrient in the cultivation of microalgae culture of Scenedesmus and Chlorella in an open pond photobioreactor. Firstly it was studied batch operation mode to understand the behavior of the culture. After that the reactor started to operate in continuous. The percentage of ammonium removal was 97 %. The percentage of that ammonium which was destined to microalgae growth was 58.1 %. 22 % of this NH4 was stripped to the atmosphere. Indeed the use of digestate for growth microalgae with light sun and aerea to provide oxygen is viable.Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Tecnología del Medio AmbienteGrado en Ingeniería Químic

Method to determine the risk of metabolic syndrome among schoolchildren

El incremento de obesidad infantil se ha asociado con resistencia a la insulina (RI) y factores individuales de riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular. El objetivo del trabajo fue valorar el riesgo de síndrome metabólico (SM) de un colectivo de escolares españoles según diferentes criterios diagnósticos. En el estudio se incluyeron 505 escolares (8 a 13 años) de diferentes localidades españolas, empleando diferentes métodos para la recopilación de los datos. Se evaluó el riesgo de padecer síndrome metabólico según diferentes criterios diagnósticos. Los resultados mostraron un elevado porcentaje de sobrepeso (15,9%) y obesidad (17,3%). Un 6,7% de los escolares podrían padecer el riesgo de SM según el criterio Cook aplicado en este estudio. Es recomendable utilizar el criterio diagnóstico de Cook para evaluar el riesgo de padecer SM empleado en este estudio, porque es aplicable a diferentes grupos poblacionales, incluye a niños menores de 10 años y es una metodología más simple que otras.The increase in chidhood obesity has been associated with insulin resistance (IR) and individual risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The objective of this work was to assess the risk of metabolic syndrome in a group of Spanish schoolchildren according to different diagnostic criteria. 505 schoolchildren (8-13 of age) from different Spanish locations were included in the study, and different methods were used to collect data. What was evaluated was the risk of having metabolic syndrome (MS) according to different diagnostic criteria. The results showed a high percentage of overweight (15,9%) and obesity (17,3%). A 6,7% of schoolchildren may suffer the risk of MS according to the Cook criterion applied in this study. It is recommended to use the diagnostic criteria of Cook to assess the risk of MS because it is applicable to different population groups, it includes children under 10 and it is simpler than other methods.Fil: de Piero Belmonte, Alexia Juliana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Rodríguez Rodríguez, Elena. Universidad Complutense de Madrid; EspañaFil: González Rodríguez, Liliana Guadalupe. Universidad Complutense de Madrid; EspañaFil: López Sobaler, Ana María. Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Españ

Radiative forcing under mixed aerosol conditions

The mixture of mineral dust with biomass burning or urban-industrial aerosols presents significant differences in optical properties when compared to those of the individual constituents, leading to different impacts on solar radiation levels. This effect is assessed by estimating the direct radiative forcing (ΔF) of these aerosols from solar flux models using the radiative parameters derived from the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET). These data reveal that, in oceanic and vegetative covers (surface albedo (SA) 0.30 are not present in East Asia region. At the bottom of atmosphere (BOA) the maximum ΔF values are associated with the highest AOD levels obtained for the mixture of mineral dust and biomass burning aerosols (−130 ± 44 Wm−2 with AOD = 0.8 ± 0.4 for SA < 0.30).Support for this study was given by Spanish Ministry of Education and Science, projects CGL2005‐03428‐C04‐02, CGL2007‐66477‐C02‐02/CLI, PI042005/033, and CGL2008‐04740/CLI

Serum vitamin d and metabolic risc factors in a group of spanish schoolchildren

Objetivo: Analizar la situación nutricional en vitamina D y su relación con diferentes factores de riesgo asociados al síndrome metabólico (SM) en un grupo de escolares españoles. Materiales y métodos: Se ha estudiado un colectivo de 314 escolares con edades comprendidas entre 8 y 13 años, residentes en A Coruña, Barcelona, Madrid, Sevilla y Valencia. Se recogieron datos antropométricos de peso, talla, circunferencias de cintura, cadera y pliegue tricipital, datos de tensión arterial y en suero se valoraron los niveles de glucosa, triglicéridos, HDL-c y 25-hidroxicolecalciferol (25(OH)D). Teniendo en cuenta el criterio de Cook se ha establecido la presencia de los siguientes factores de riesgo de SM: glucosa ≥100 mg/dL; perímetro de cintura ≥P90; triglicéridos >P90, HDL ≤P10; y presión arterial sistólica o diastólica >P90. Resultados: Los niveles séricos de 25(OH)D medios fueron de 23.0±8.6 ng/mL. Un 47,1% tuvo niveles indicadores de hipovitaminosis (20-30 ng/mL) y el 35% tuvo deficiencia de la vitamina (<20 ng/mL). Comparado con los escolares del primer cuartil, los del segundo tienen un menor riesgo de tener triglicéridos elevados (OR=0.50 [CI=0.25-0.99] y los del tercero, menor riesgo de tener triglicéridos y tensión arterial elevada (0.60[CI=0.42- 0.86] y 0.50 [CI=0.32-0.79], respectivamente). Conclusión: La prevalencia de deficiencia de vitamina D es elevada en este colectivo de escolares españoles. Bajos niveles de vitamina D sérica se asocian con un mayor riesgo de presentar triglicéridos y tensión arterial elevada.Objective: To analyze the vitamin D status and its relationship with metabolic syndrome (MS) risk factors in a group of Spanish schoolchildren. Material and methods: A group of 314 Spanish schoolchildren (8-13 years old) from A Coruña, Barcelona, Madrid, Seville and Valencia were studied. Anthropometric data on weight, height, waist and hip circumferences, and triceps skinfold, as well as blood pressure data were collected. Serum levels of glucose, triglycerides, HDL-c and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25 (OH) D) were assessed. Following Cook criterion, the following MS risk factors were defined: glucose ≥100 mg/dL; ≥P90 waist circumference; triglycerides> P90, HDL ≤P10; and sistolic and/or diastolic blood pressure > P90. Results: Mean serum 25(OH)D were 23.0±8.6 ng/mL. Forty seven percent of children had hypovitaminosis (20- 30 ng/mL) and 35% had vitamin deficiency (<20 ng/mL). Compared to the first tertile, children in the second tertile have a lower risk of elevated triglycerides (OR = 0.50 [CI = 0.25 to 0.99]; those in the the third tertile had lower risk of high blood pressure and triglycerides (0.60 [CI = 0.42 -0.86] and 0.50 [CI = 0.32 to 0.79], respectively). Conclusion: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is high in this group of Spanish schoolchildren. Low serum levels of vitamin D are associated with an increased risk of elevated triglycerides and blood pressure.Fil: de Piero Belmonte, Alexia Juliana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Rodríguez Rodríguez, Elena. Universidad Complutense de Madrid; EspañaFil: González Rodríguez, Liliana Guadalupe. Universidad Alfonso X El Sabio; España. Universidad Complutense de Madrid; EspañaFil: Ortega Anta, Rosa María. Universidad Complutense de Madrid; EspañaFil: López Sobaler, Ana María. Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Españ

Calculation of intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (IPAR) for traditional crops in Castilla y León, Spain

Trabajo presentado a la XII National and y III International Conference on Engineering Thermodynamics. Madrid, 2022Agriculture is one of the most important economic activities in the Castilla y León region (Spain), approximately one-third of the land area is destined for this use. The role of agriculture in rural areas is essential from a territorial perspective, where rural depopulation is originating a crisis in the countryside. Moreover, climate change is having a major impact on agricultural productivity as a consequence, among others, of the increase in the frequency and the severity of extreme events, especially in Mediterranean regions [1]. For these reasons, it is essential to highlight the vision of agriculture as a multifunctional activity. Besides good management, productivity depends on many other factors, such as soil properties or climatic factors. A decisive climatic variable, which is often not considered in the planning and management of the crops, is the Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR), specifically, the Intercepted Photosynthetically Active Radiation (IPAR). The main purpose of this study is to calculate and represent an estimation of IPAR values for the most characteristic crops of Castilla y León.The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by the Spanish Ministry of Science & Innovation under the I+D+i state program Challenges Research Projects (Ref. RTI2018-098900- B-I00). Elena Garrachón-Gómez thanks financial support provided by Junta de Castilla y León (Programa Operativo de Empleo Juvenil, Fondo Social Europeo e Iniciativa de Empleo Juvenil)

Español coloquial en clase de ELE: una propuesta didáctica.

El siguiente trabajo tiene como objetivo principal el poner de relevancia la importancia que tiene la variedad coloquial dentro del aula de ELE. Para ello, se ha realizado un breve apartado teórico resaltando las características de esta variedad y, además, se han creado una serie de actividades para poder llevar esta lengua coloquial al aula de ELE. La razón para la creación de estas actividades es que en la mayoría de los manuales de ELE no se trabaja esta variedad. Por otro lado, es relevante que los alumnos sean conscientes de la variedad diafásica en la lengua española y que puedan llevarla a la práctica en los contextos comunicativos adecuados.<br /

Homocysteine treatment alters redox capacity of both endothelial and tumor cells

Homocysteine is a non-proteinogenic amino acid playing key roles in two interconnected metabolic pathways, namely, the activated methyl cycle and the linear trans-sulfuration pathway that allows the conversion of methionine to cysteine. A dysregulation of intracellular homocysteine metabolism could yield an increased export of this amino acid, leading to hyperhomocysteinemia, which has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. In spite of decades of experimental effort, there is no definitive consensus on what could be the molecular mechanisms whereby hyperhomocysteinemia could contribute to cardiovascular disease. The redox active nature of homocysteine has favored the idea of an induction of oxidative stress as the underlying mechanism of homocysteine toxicity. In contrast, homocysteine can also behave as an anti-oxidant. The present work is aimed to further analyze the capacity of homocysteine to modulate the redox capacity of both endothelial and tumor cells. [Our experimental work is supported by grants BIO2014-56092-R (MINECO and FEDER) and P12-CTS-1507 (Andalusian Government and FEDER) and funds from group BIO-267 (Andalusian Government). The "CIBER de Enfermedades Raras" is an initiative from the ISCIII (Spain)].Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Small particle-size talc is associated with poor outcome and increased inflammation in thoracoscopic pleurodesis

Rationale: Talc is very effective for pleurodesis, but there is concern about complications, especially acute respiratory distress syndrome. Objectives: It was the aim of this study to investigate if talc with a high concentration of small particles induces greater production of cytokines, and if pleural tumor burden has any influence on the local production and spillover of cytokines to the systemic circulation and eventual complications. Methods: We investigated 227 consecutive patients with malignant effusion submitted to talc pleurodesis. One hundred and three patients received 'small-particle talc' (ST; containing about 50% particles <10 ¿m) and 124 received 'large-particle talc' (with <20% particles <10 ¿m). Serial samples of both pleural fluid and blood were taken before and 3, 24, 48 and 72 h after thoracoscopy. Also, mesothelial cells were stimulated with both types of talc in vitro. Measurements and Results: Interleukin-8, tumor necrosis factor-¿, vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor and thrombin-antithrombin complex were measured in all samples. Early death (<7 days after talc) occurred in 8 of 103 patients in the ST and in 1 of 124 in the 'large-particle talc' group (p = 0.007). Patients who received ST had significantly higher proinflammatory cytokines in pleural fluid and serum after talc application, and also in supernatants of the in vitro study. Pleural tumor burden correlated positively with proinflammatory cytokines in serum, suggesting that advanced tumor states induce stronger systemic reactions after talc application. Conclusions: ST provokes a strong inflammatory reaction in both pleural space and serum, which is associated with a higher rate of early deaths observed in patients receiving it.Instituto de Salud Carlos III FIS 04/028