Éxitos y fracasos del ordoliberalismo: la flexiseguridad alemana como modelo de desarrollo europeo

El presente trabajo es un análisis del modelo de flexiseguridad, enmarcada en la tradición ordoliberal alemana y su modelo de cogestión. Su objetivo es dilucidar los factores de éxito y de fracaso de las reformas estructurales que se llevaron a cabo en Alemania a principios de nuestro siglo a partir del análisis de su impacto en una serie de variables laborales, sociales y macroeconómicas. Los datos muestran que la generalización del empleo precario ha provocado una dependencia de la demanda externa por parte de la economía alemana, lo cual a su vez ha impulsado un régimen de acumulación guiado por las exportaciones, que explota y agrava las divergencias dentro de la UEM

Enhanced lanthanum-stabilized low crystallinity metal oxide electrocatalysts with superior activity for oxygen reactions

Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are key electrochemical reactions for the development of rechargeable Zn-air batteries. However, due to the high cost of commercial noble metal-based catalysts and their limited bifunctionality, it is necessary the design of new electrocatalysts. In this study, stable electrocatalysts have been synthesized through a hydrothermal method and further low-temperature thermal treatment. The materials consist of La stabilized low crystallinity Mn and Co metal (hydro-)oxides. The electrocatalytic performance of these materials has been compared with counterparts calcined at higher temperatures. The findings demonstrate that materials synthesized at lower temperatures and with low crystallinity exhibit superior electrocatalytic activity for both ORR and OER. Moreover, the research highlights the favorable influence of the lanthanum cation, which enhances changes of surface morphology and oxidation states of other cations (Mn and Co). Additionally, the positive contribution of the carbon component to electrochemical activity and electrical conductivity has been elucidated. The best electrocatalyst was studied in a rechargeable Zn-air battery with a durability of up to 120 hours. They exhibited better stability and performance than the commercial Pt/C + RuO2 catalyst currently used.The authors would like to thank PID2019-105923RB-I00 and PID2022-137566OB-I00 projects funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. M.G.R. thanks Ministerio de Universidades for the FPU20-01746 grant

Estructura sociodemográfica de la profesión médica Andaluza

Este trabajo describe la estructura básica de la profesión médica en Andalucía. No son muchas las publicaciones con que contamos al respecto justo en un momento en que serían más necesarias debido a la situación actual de «crisis» de las profesiones liberales que se enfrentan al problema del paro o el subempleo, como sucede en el caso de los médicos. Creemos, por otra parte, que esta situación se agrava precisamente en el caso de Andalucía. Los datos básicos que presentamos resultan útiles a la hora de planificar las necesidades futuras de capital humano en este sector, tanto desde la perspectiva nacional como autonómica. Nos limitamos en este artículo a «describir» la situación sin adentrarnos en interpretaciones más estructurales. Acometeremos esta tarea en breve, tratando de realizar un análisis comparativo interprofesional. Es un análisis de la situación actual de la profesión médica en dos provincias andaluzas, Granada y Sevilla, como representativas de la Andalucía oriental y occidental, respectivamente. Analizamos seguidamente las variables infraestructurales de la profesión en ambas provincias. Dichas variables pueden configurar el perfil básico de la profesión y son las siguientes: edad, sexo, lugar de nacimicnto, tiempo que llevan trabajando en Andalucía, facultad en que estudiaron la carrera, destino anterior al actual y especialidad. Se estudian por separado cada una de estas siete variables, tras haber analizado las pautas de distribución y de incremento del capital médico humano en Andalucía

La Legitimidad para obrar en el proceso civil peruano

El ordenamiento procesal civil sigue siendo objeto de polémica, lo cual era de esperarse, pues luego de ochenta años de vigencia del viejo Código de Procedimientos Civiles de 1,912, se hacía necesario un cambio que modernizara el sistema de administración de justicia en lo civil, tomando en consideración los avances del derecho procesal en general y, sobre todo, del derecho procesal civil. El nuevo ordenamiento procesal civil que nos rige está alineado a una concepción publicista y privatista del proceso civil, no obstante lo trascendente en él es la función pública que cumple el Estado a través de su órgano jurisdiccional, tanto para hacer efectivo la paz social en justicia como aspiración última de la sociedad, cuanto para solucionar los conflictos de intereses o eliminar las incertidumbre jurídicas. Sin embargo, desde el punto de vista del proceso, lo que importa es quién lo hace, quién está en él; la condición de parte material no interesa. Parte procesal es la persona que interpone la pretensión ante el órgano jurisdiccional y la persona frente a la que se interpone. Por lo que, la diferenciación entre parte material y parte procesal resulta sumamente importante para entender el tema que nos ocupa.Tesi

3D object detection with deep learning

Finding an appropriate environment representation is a crucial problem in robotics. 3D data has been recently used thanks to the advent of low cost RGB-D cameras. We propose a new way to represent a 3D map based on the information provided by an expert. Namely, the expert is the output of a Convolutional Neural Network trained with deep learning techniques. Relying on such information, we propose the generation of 3D maps using individual semantic labels, which are associated with environment objects or semantic labels. So, for each label we are provided with a partial 3D map whose data belong to the 3D perceptions, namely point clouds, which have an associated probability above a given threshold. The final map is obtained by registering and merging all these partial maps. The use of semantic labels provide us a with way to build the map while recognizing objects.This work has been supported by the Spanish Government TIN2016-76515-R Grant, supported with Feder funds, and by grant of Vicerrectorado de Investigación y Transferencia de Conocimiento para el fomento de la I+D+i en la Universidad de Alicante 2016

Estudio de las propiedades mecánicas de armaduras corroídas cuando se modifica la longitud de superficie corroída

En este trabajo se estudia el efecto de la corrosión sobre el comportamiento mecánico de la armadura cuando se corroen distintas longitudes de barra. Se han ensayado a tracción 72 barras corrugadas de acero B500SD (con altas propiedades de ductilidad) que previamente se han corroído aceleradamente, localizándose la corrosión en tres longitudes de barra diferentes. Los resultados muestran que se producen variaciones significativas en la curva tensión-deformación obtenida en los ensayos de tracción, incluso con grados de corrosión por debajo del 1%. Además, al aumentar la longitud de barra corroída, tanto la resistencia a tracción como el límite elástico, disminuyen

Enhancing Interaction between Lanthanum Manganese Cobalt Oxide and Carbon Black through Different Approaches for Primary Zn–Air Batteries

Due to the need for decarbonization in energy generation, it is necessary to develop electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), a key process in energy generation systems such as fuel cells and metal–air batteries. Perovskite–carbon material composites have emerged as active and stable electrocatalysts for the ORR, and the interaction between both components is a crucial aspect for electrocatalytic activity. This work explores different mixing methods for composite preparation, including mortar mixing, ball milling, and hydrothermal and thermal treatments. Hydrothermal treatment combined with ball milling resulted in the most favorable electrocatalytic performance, promoting intimate and extensive contact between the perovskite and carbon material and improving electrocatalytic activity. Employing X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), an increase in the number of M-O-C species was observed, indicating enhanced interaction between the perovskite and the carbon material due to the adopted mixing methods. This finding was further corroborated by temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) and temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) techniques. Interestingly, the ball milling method results in similar performance to the hydrothermal method in the zinc–air battery and, thus, is preferable because of the ease and straightforward scalability of the preparation process.The authors would like to thank the PID2022-137566OB-I00 project funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF A way of making Europe”, by the “European Union”. Mario García-Rodríguez thanks the Ministerio de Universidades for the FPU20-01746 grant. And the APC was funded by the University of Alicante

Metal oxide Perovskite-Carbon composites as electrocatalysts for Zinc-air batteries. Optimization of ball-milling mixing parameters

Zn-air batteries (ZABs) are promising electrochemical devices to store energy. Metal oxide perovskites mixed with carbon materials are highlighted as interesting materials for this application because of their appropriate bifunctional performance in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The interaction between both components of the electrocatalyst is important in the bifunctional electrocatalytic activity, and the mixing method plays an important role in this interaction. Then, different mixing methods have been studied in this work (ball-milling, mortar and manual shaking). The use of different physicochemical techniques such as temperature programmed desorption (TPD), temperature programmed reduction (TPR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) in the materials characterization, allows us to conclude that the mixing method strongly influences the particle size and the interaction between both components, which determine the final electrocatalytic activity. The materials prepared by ball-milling displayed the best performance. Herein, the experimental conditions were optimized to obtain electrocatalysts with enhanced electrocatalytic activity for ORR and OER. Low rotating speed, air atmosphere and low ball-milling time generate electrocatalysts with a small nanoparticle size, more homogeneous and with a higher interaction between both components, which enhances electron transfer, and consequently, the overall oxygen-involved reactions. The best electrocatalyst obtained was studied as air-electrode in a Zn-air battery and it was compared to a commercial Pt/C electrocatalyst, obtaining higher cyclability (55.2 vs. 51.7%) for 30 h, and higher energy density at 5 mA/cm2 (764 mAh/g vs. 741 mAh/g).The authors would like to thank PID2019-105923RB-I00 project funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. J.X. Flores-Lasluisa thanks the MICINN for the FPI contract (BES-2017-081598 for). M. García-Rodríguez thanks for the funding of the Research Initiation Scholarship from Vicerrectorado de Investigación y Transferencia de Conocimiento of the University of Alicante (AII-20-14) and Ministerio de Universidades for the FPU20-01746 grant

Cache side-channel attacks and time-predictability in high-performance critical real-time systems

Embedded computers control an increasing number of systems directly interacting with humans, while also manage more and more personal or sensitive information. As a result, both safety and security are becoming ubiquitous requirements in embedded computers, and automotive is not an exception to that. In this paper we analyze time-predictability (as an example of safety concern) and side-channel attacks (as an example of security issue) in cache memories. While injecting randomization in cache timing-behavior addresses each of those concerns separately, we show that randomization solutions for time-predictability do not protect against side-channel attacks and vice-versa. We then propose a randomization solution to achieve both safety and security goals.This work has been partially funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under grant TIN2015-65316-P. Jaume Abella has been partially supported by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under Ramon y Cajal fellowship number RYC-2013-14717. Authors want to thank Boris Kpf for his technical comments in early versions of this work.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version