Estructura poblacional del Podenco Andaluz

En nuestro país los libros genealógicos caninos están gestionados por la Real Sociedad de Razas Caninas en España, quien delega su mantenimiento y control en las distintas asociaciones de criadores afiliadas. En el caso de la raza Podenco Andaluz, la gestión del libro genealógico es especialmente compleja debido al aislamiento reproductivo entre las distintas variedades existentes que obliga el actual patrón racial. En el presente estudio analizamos la estructura genética de la población del Podenco Andaluz basándonos en los registros genealógicos de los cinco últimos años donde indagamos en los ratios por sexo, ratios por tallas, ratios por edades dentro de talla; su evolución durante este tiempo y su proyección el futuro. Asimismo, profundizamos en una análisis de los niveles de consanguinidad individuales de los ejemplares inscritos, así como del nivel de endogamia media de la población

Survival analysis of productive life in Florida dairy goats using a Cox proportional hazards model

Longevity is an economically important trait, since extending the functional life of a doe would allow us to keep the most productive females in the herd as long as possible, and this could result in the increased profitability of dairy farms. Thus, the objectives of this study were to determine the most important factors that in-fluence the length of productive life (LPL) of female Florida goats and to estimate its genetic additive variance using a Cox proportional hazards model. The data consisted of 70,695 productive life records from 25,722 Florida females kidding between 2006 and 2020. A total of 19,495 does had completed their productive life while 6227 (24.2%) does had censored information. The pedigree contained information on 56,901 animals. The average censoring age and average failure age after first kidding for LPL were 36 and 47 months respectively. The model included, as time- independent effects, the age at first kidding and the interaction between herd, year and season of birth of the doe, and as time- dependent effects, the age at kidding, the interaction between herd, year and season of kidding, the within- herd class of milk production deviation, and the interaction between the lactation number and the stage of lactation. All fixed effects had a significant ef-fect on LPL (p< 0.05). Does with older ages at the first kidding and an earlier age at kidding were at higher risk of being culled. A large difference among herds was observed in terms of culling risk, which highlighted the importance of adequate management practices. Also, high- producing does were less likely to be culled. The estimate of the additive genetic variance was 1.844 (in genetic standard de-viation), with a heritability estimate of 0.58 ± 0.012. The results of this study are expected to contribute to the development of a genetic model for genetic evalua-tion of the length of the productive life of Spanish dairy goat breeds

Effect ofHighHydrostatic Pressure Processing on theMicrobiological Quality and BacterialDiversity of Sous-Vide-Cooked Cod

High hydrostatic pressure (HP) is a promising method to improve the microbiological quality of sous-vide foods. Monitoring the composition and behavior of the microbial communities in foods is of most importance for the production of high-quality and safe products. High-throughput sequencing (HTS) provides advanced approaches to determine food’s microbial community composition and structure. The aim of the present study was to determine the impact of different HP treatments on the microbial load and bacterial diversity of sous-vide Atlantic cod. Sous-vide cooking at 57.1 C for 30 min followed by HP treatment at 500 MPa for 8 min reduced viable cell counts (total aerobic mesophiles) in the cod samples below detectable levels for 45 days of storage under refrigeration. In a second trial with cod cooked sous-vide at 52 C for 20 min followed by HP treatments at 300 or 600 MPa (with HP treatment temperatures of 22 C or 50 C for 4 or 8 min, depending on treatment), only the treatments at 600 MPa delayed bacterial growth for at least 30 days under refrigeration. The optimal HP conditions to improve the microbiological quality of sous-vide cod cooked at low temperatures were obtained at 600 MPa for 4 min at a pressurization temperature of 50 C. Bacterial diversity was studied in cod cooked sous-vide at 52 C for 20 min by HTS. In the absence of HP treatment, Proteobacteria was the main bacterial group. A succession of Pseudomonadaceae (Pseudomonas) and Enterobacteriaceae was observed during storage. Firmicutes had low relative abundances and were represented mainly by Anoxybacillus (early storage) and Carnobacterium (late storage). The HP-treated sous-vide cod showed the greatest differences from controls during late storage, with Aerococcus and Enterococcus as predominant groups (depending on the HP conditions). The application of HTS provided new insights on the diversity and dynamics of the bacterial communities of sous-vide cod, revealing the presence of bacterial genera not previously described in this food, such as Anoxybacillus. The significance of Anoxybacillus as a contaminant of seafoods should be further investigated.This research was funded by the University of Jaén, grant numbers Acción 1 AGR-230 and Ref. 1260210. The APC was funded by the University of Jaen

Preferencias laborales en un enclave agroexportador hortofrutícola de Baja California, México

The main objective of the study was to estimate and analyze the declared work preferences of agricultural laborers in a fruit and vegetable export production region in Baja California, Mexico. Derived from a case study, the economic value of certain benefits and work attributes inherent to agricultural work was estimated. The research was conducted in the San Quintin Valley, in the state of Baja California, an agricultural region linked to globalization due to its border proximity to the United States, and with a dominant presence of day laborers from regions of southwestern Mexico. A discrete choice experiment was designed, and 124 surveys were conducted considering relevant sociodemographic and work aspects. The findings suggest preferences for work activities at harvest time, temporary contracts, while access to medical service as a service of the production unit is the attribute that governs the choices of day laborers. In the latter case, it has been assigned an economic value of 3.9 dollars/day.El objetivo principal de investigación fue estimar y analizar las preferencias laborales declaradas de jornaleros agrícolas en un enclave de producción hortofrutícola de exportación en Baja California, México. A partir de un estudio de caso se estimó el valor económico de ciertas prestaciones y atributos laborales inherentes al trabajo agrícola mediante el uso de los experimentos de elección discreta. La investigación se realizó en el Valle de San Quintín, en el estado de Baja California, una región agrícola vinculada a la globalización por su proxi­midad fronteriza a los Estados Unidos (EE.UU.) y con una presencia dominante de jornaleros provenientes de regiones del sureste mexicano. Se realizaron 124 encuestas considerando aspectos sociodemográficos y labo­rales relevantes. Los resultados sugieren preferencias por actividades laborales en época de cosecha, contratos temporales, en cambio el acceso a servicio médico como servicio de la unidad de producción es el atributo que rige las elecciones de los jornaleros atribuyéndosele un valor económico de 3.9 dólares estadounidenses/día

Staphylococcus spp. from wild mammals in Aragón (Spain): antibiotic resistance status

Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance is a global health threat. It has been studied in humans and domestic animals, but there is a lack of data on wild animals. The objective of this study is the elucidation of its patterns in Staphylococcus spp. isolated from wild mammals of the Autonomous Community of Aragón (Spain). Material and Methods: A total of 103 mammals (Artiodactyla, Carnivora, Chiroptera, Erinaceomorpha, and Lagomorpha) were studied. A recovery centre provided 32 and hunting 71. Nasal and faecal samples yielded 111 staphylococci, which were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry. A susceptibility test to 11 antibiotics was carried out, and statistical analysis was performed. Results: Some differences were detected in bacterial prevalence depending on how the mammal fed. Artiodactyla, mainly hunted, were predisposed to carry coagulase-positive staphylococci. The staphylococci species recovered were resistant to at least two classes of antibiotics, and were disseminated in all of the geographical areas studied. Conclusion: Resistant staphylococci are widely distributed in the wild mammals in the areas of the study, but the resistance quantified in them is lower than that to be expected if the use of antibiotics in farms had a direct influence on the wildlife and its environment. On the other hand, resistance to antibiotics restricted to human use was widely disseminated in various wild animal species

Comparison of the design and methodology of Phase 3 clinical trials of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (BIC/FTC/TAF) and dolutegravir-based dual therapy (DTG) in HIV: a systematic review of the literature

Introduction: Current recommended antiretroviral regimens include a combination of two (dual; DT) or three (triple; TT) antiretroviral drugs. This study aims to determine whether the quality of evidence from clinical trials of dolutegravir (dolutegravir/lamivudine [DTG/3TC] or dolutegravir/rilpivirine [DTG/RPV]) is methodologically comparable to that of clinical trials conducted with bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (BIC/FTC/TAF). Areas covered: A systematic review of the medical literature was carried out in PubMed without date or language restrictions, following the PRISMA guidelines. All aspects of the methodological design of phase 3 randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of DT and TT, evaluated by the European Medicines Agency (registration trials), were reviewed. The quality of clinical trials was assessed using the Jadad scale. Expert opinion: The search identified 5, 3 and 2 phase 3 RCTs with BIC/FTC/TAF, DTG/3TC and DTG/RPV, respectively, that met the inclusion criteria. The designs would not be comparable due to differences in pre-randomization losses, blinding, patient recruitment, as well as differences in methodological quality, with the average score of the RCTs conducted with BIC/FTC/TAF, DTG/3TC and DTG/RPV being 4.2 (high quality), 3.0 (medium quality) and 3.0 (medium quality), respectively. Due to methodological differences between the BIC/FTC/TAF, DTG/3TC and DTG/RPV RCTs, the results of these are not comparable

Public perception about nuclear technology. Asunción, Paraguay

Genetic breeding of plants has the goal of obtaining the genotypes that produce the characteristics with better adaptation for human needs in certain circumstances. Plant Genetics offered the breeder the knowledge to make his work more efficient. Almost all modern varieties come from traditional breeding. Other methods such as the induction of mutations, the use of somaclonal variation alone or in combination with the above, and the transfer of foreign genes by genetic engineering have been used with point results. In 2010, the use of nuclear technology as a tool in the genetic crops breeding, supported by International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), was incorporated in Paraguay. Faced with a society that consumes products generated by the induction of mutations and irradiated food for its conservation, we pose the challenge of probing how the population perceives the use of nuclear technology; to achieve this goal, we applied a survey at the entrance of supermarkets in Asunción. We are faced with a scenario with an population with practically complete level of schooling, able to understand, to reason and to express an opinion on a specific topic. It is reported mostly on the internet, social networks and television. In terms of nuclear technology, while 91% believe that it is risky, more than half of those who have ever heard of it think it can be beneficial

Percepción pública acerca de la tecnología nuclear. Asunción, Paraguay

La mejora genética de plantas tiene como fin último obtener los genotipos que produzcan los caracteres que mejor se adapten a las necesidades del hombre en unas circunstancias determinadas. La Genética Vegetal le ofreció al mejorador los conocimientos para hacer más eficiente su trabajo. La casi totalidad de las variedades modernas provienen del mejoramiento tradicional. Otros métodos tales como la inducción de mutaciones, el aprovechamiento de la variación somaclonal sola o combinada con la anterior y la transferencia de genes foráneos poringeniería genética se han usado con resultados puntuales. En el año 2010, se incorporó en el Paraguay el empleo de la tecnología nuclear como herramienta en el mejoramiento genético de cultivos, apoyado por el Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica (OIEA). Frente a unasociedad que consume productos generados por inducción de mutaciones y alimentos irradiados para su conservación, nos planteamos el desafío de sondear cómo percibe la población asuncena la utilización de la tecnología nuclear; para lograr dicho objetivo, aplicamos una encuesta en la entrada de supermercados de Asunción. Nos encontramos frente a un escenario con un público con nivel de escolarización prácticamente completo, capaz de entender, razonar y emitir una opinión sobre un tema determinado. Se informa en su mayoría en internet, las redes sociales yla televisión. En términos de tecnología nuclear, si bien el 91% cree que es riesgosa, más de la mitad de los que alguna vez oyó hablar de la misma piensa que puede ser beneficiosa

Jornaleros agrícolas migrantes y su permanencia laboral en los campos agrícolas de México

Labor welfare of day laborers in Mexico, historically, is limited by the characteristics of the agricultural labor market and the precarious working conditions, with the entry into force of the commercial agreement USMCA and what it represents for the agricultural sector. The purpose of this study was to analyze the changes in labor conditions of migrant day laborers associated with the periods of job permanency in the fruit and vegetable production centers, in the period 2009-2019. The analyses were conducted by applying dependency tests and multinomial models, based on data from the National Survey of Agricultural Day Laborers (Encuesta Nacional de Jornaleros Agrícolas, ENJO) and the National Occupation and Employment Survey (Encuesta Nacional Ocupación y Empleo, ENOE). The results indicate the existence of significant changes in the sociodemographic and labor characteristics. That is, there is an ageing process, more human capital, and incursion of women into more precarious activities than men. In terms of labor, there is heterogeneity in the access to contracts, medical services, and to other benefits, according to the labor stay. This sector of the population is in the threshold of a stage of new labor conditions, which corresponds to the transformations of the sector in public policy and to commercial openness.El bienestar laboral de los jornaleros en México, históricamente, se encuentra limitado por las características del mercado de trabajo agrícola y las precarias condiciones laborales. Con la entrada en vigor del acuerdo comercial T-MEC y lo que este representa para el sector agrícola. El propósito de este trabajo es analizar los cambios en las condiciones laborales, de los jornaleros migrantes, asociados a los periodos de permanencia laboral en los centros de producción hortofrutícola, en el periodo 2009-2019. Los análisis se realizaron aplicando pruebas de dependencia y modelos multinomiales, a partir de datos provenientes de la Encuesta Nacional de Jornaleros Agrícolas (ENJO) y la Encuesta Nacional Ocupación y Empleo (ENOE). Los resultados indican la existencia de cambios significativos en las características sociodemográficas y laborales. Es decir que, hay un proceso de envejecimiento, mayor capital humano e incursión de las mujeres en actividades más precarias que los hombres. Laboralmente existe heterogeneidad en el acceso a contratos, servicio médico, y de otras prestaciones, según la estadía laboral. Este sector de la población se encuentra en el umbral de una etapa de nuevas condiciones laborales, que corresponde a las transformaciones del sector en la Política Pública y la apertura comercial

Real-time microscopic view of the relaxation of a glass

The understanding of glassy dynamics above the devitrification temperature of a glass remains poorly understood. Here, we use real-time AFM imaging to build a spatio-temporal map of the relaxation dynamics of a highly stable glass into its supercooled liquid. This new methodology enables a direct visualization of the progression of the liquid phase and clarifies and quantifies the presence of localized fast mobility regions separated by giant length scales. Our data permit to establish a clear correlation between dynamic length and time scales in glasses. This approach may also be applicable to unveil the microscopic structure and dynamics of other glass forming systems with much shorter length and time scales, including liquid-cooled glasses