Cultivating biodiversity : stakeholders and strategies in the context of the new rural life in Spain

La recuperación de las variedades cultivadas locales es un ámbito de creciente interés, y en él están presentes diferentes actores sociales e instituciones con intereses y motivaciones distintas. Las iniciativas son un proceso de construcción de un nuevo estatus de relevancia social, al presentar a las variedades autóctonas como biodiversidad, un concepto y un problema a él asociado asumidos como cruciales a escala internacional. Igualmente, las variedades locales son objeto de un proceso de patrimonialización y utilización como imagen del territorio, igual que otros elementos de la cultura popular y la historia relacionados con lo idiosincrásico, lo vernáculo y lo natural. Todo ello se relaciona con las formas concretas de producir ruralidad y redefinir los territorios en las sociedades contemporáneas y dar contenido a las agendas políticas. Analizar los intereses y la actuación de distintos grupos implica dos en este proceso es el objetivo principal de este estudio, fruto de dos proyectos de investigación realizados en el sur de España mediante un trabajo de campo antropológico que incluía observación participante y entrevistas. El proceso de recuperación de variedades locales es una manifestación de las diversas formas en que el medio rural vive el proceso de su configuración, de resignificación de su cultura y revalorización de sus potenciales, hasta hace poco desacreditados e invisibilizados. Esta investigación muestra cómo son posibles alianzas entre diversos actores sociales para la defensa del medio rural, teniendo como campo de disputa y negociación a la biodiversidad, elemento clave para la pervivencia de la vida y uno de los activos principales de la sociedad rural para un nuevo contrato social con el campoThe recovery of local varieties is an area of growing interest, in which different social actors and institutions with various interests and motivations are present. The initiatives consist of a process of building a new status of social relevance by introducing native varieties as biodiversity, a concept and a problem associated with it and assumed as crucial worldwide. Similarly, local varieties are subject to a process of patrimonialization and as image of the territory, like other elements of popular culture and history related to the idiosyncratic, the vernacular and the natural. All this is related to the specific ways of producing rurality and redefining territories in contemporary societies and fleshing out the political agendas. To analyze the interests and actions of different groups involved in this rocess is the main objective of this study, resulting from two research projects carried out in southern Spain through anthropological fieldwork, including participant observation and interviews.The recovery process of local varieties is a manifestation of the various ways in which the rural context undergoes a process of reconfiguration, of resignification of its culture and appreciation of its potential, which until recent times remained discredited and invisible. This research shows how it may be possible to create alliances between different stakeholders to defend the rural environment, having biodiversity as the field of dispute and negotiation; and conceived as a key fctor for the survival of life and one of the main assets of rural society for a new social contract with the rural secto

Los aminoácidos y el síndrome fibromiálgico : su posible papel patogenético

En el sindrome fibromialgico existe una disfuncion neuroendocrina que da lugar a una alteracion de los mecanismos de modulacion del dolor, que parecen estar en la base de este trastorno. los aminoacidos son precursores de un numero importante de neurotransmisores implicados en los mecanismos de modulacion del dolor (serotonina, adrenalina...). objetivos: comparar las concentraciones plamaticas de los aminoacidos y sus cocientes de transporte en dos grupos, uno de pacientes con fibromialgia y otro en controles sanos equiparables en edad y sexo. materiales y metodos. estudiamos 30 pacientes con sfm de acuerdo a los criterios de la acr y 30 controles equiparables en edad y sexo. se registraron en diferentes parametros clinicos, psicologicos y calidad de vida. asimismo, se obtuvieron muestras de sangre despues de ayuno nocturno y almacenadas inmediatamente en hielo. los niveles de aminoacidos se obtuvieron mediante hplc siguiendo el metodo de waters modificado. resultados: obtuvimos unas concentraciones disminuidas de 7 de los 20 aminoacidos estudiados: triptofano, valina, leucina, isoleucina, fenilalanina, serina y lisina. asimismo encontramos una disminucion del cociente del triptofano. conclusiones: encontramos un deficit generalizados de la mayoria de los grandes aminoacidos neutros, con implicaciones clinicas

Los étimos griegos en los diccionarios etimológicos de los siglos XVI y XVII

Esta tesis doctoral tiene por objetivo explicar, a través del estudio de un conjunto léxico previamente seleccionado del Nuevo Tesoro lexicográfico del español (s. XIV-1726), los étimos griegos que aparecen en los diccionarios etimológicos españoles de los siglos XVI y XVII. Para ello, se ha estudiado un total de 1680 palabras únicamente del léxico común. Cada étimo se presenta en forma de ficha siguiendo la misma estructura en cada caso. Estos corpus nos permitirán establecer algunas conclusiones sobre el conocimiento de la etimología y los métodos que utilizaban los autores para descubrir el origen de las palabras, además de saber hasta qué punto sabían griego. La elección de este estudio obedece a varios motivos, entre los cuales cabe señalar la gran ausencia de trabajos sobre etimología en lo que llevamos de siglo y más concretamente sobre los étimos griegos conocidos en los siglos XVI y XVII. Igualmente, en esta tesis se ha abordado el concepto de cultismo, que ha sido estudiado por numerosos investigadores a lo largo de todo el siglo XX, como Menéndez Pidal, Dámaso Alonso, Américo Castro, Mª Rosa Lida de Malkiel y Manuel Alvar, entre otros. El principal problema en este apartado es la consideración de si el griego aporta determinados cultismos directos a la lengua española, aparte del latín clásico. También se ha tratado en esta tesis la importancia de la lengua de Homero en Europa y en España desde el siglo XI hasta el siglo XVII.This dissertation, aims to explain, through the study of a lexical set previously selected from the Nuevo Tesoro lexicográfico del español (14th c.-1726), the Greek etymons that appear in the Spanish etymological dictionaries of the 16th and 17th centuries. For this, a total of just 1680 words from common lexicon has been studied. Each etymon is presented in the form of a fact sheet, each following the same format. These corpuses will allowed us to establish some conclusions about the knowledge of etymology and the methods that the authors use to discover the origin of words, as well as knowing about their knowledge of Greek. This study was chosen for several reasons, amongst which, it is worth highlighting the great absence of etymological studies, more precisely studies about known Greek etymons during the 16th and 17th centurias. Furthermore, this thesis addresses the concept of the learned word (cultismo), which has been studied by numerous researchers throughout the 20th century, such as Menéndez Pidal, Dámaso Alonso, Américo Castro, Mª Rosa Lida de Malkiel and Manuel Alvar, amongst others. The main problem in this section is considering whether Greek contributes certain learned words directly to the Spanish language, other than from classical Latin. This thesis also addresses the importance of the language of Homer in Europe and Spain between the 11th and 17th century

Victimization and Perception of Abuse in Adolescent and Young Homosexual and Heterosexual Couples in Spain

Currently, violence in adolescent and young couples has a significant social impact on young people’s physical and psychological health. However, the study of violence in homosexual couples must also be addressed. This research analyzes the levels of violent victimization and the perception of abuse in both homosexual and heterosexual couples. Participants’ ages ranged between 14 and 29 years (M = 20.14, SD = 3.464). We used The Dating Violence Questionnaire-Revised (CUIVNO-R), which was applied in two consecutive studies. The results indicate high levels of victimization, especially in the sample of homosexual participants. The scores generally show a low perception of couple violence but high victimization rates. The results of this study reveal the importance of the issue of violence in couples from minority groups and suggest that couple violence should not be understood as unidirectional, i.e., exclusively from men to women. These findings show the need for education in healthy relationships and consideration of different types of couples in these relationships.This work was supported by the European Regional Development Funds (European Union and Principality of Asturias) through the Science, Technology and Innovation Plan (AYUD/2021/51411) and the State Research Agency of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Digital Transformation (MCI-21-PID2020-114736GB-100)

Situación actual y potencial de recuperación de la biodiversidad cultivada en Doñana

This article seeks to explain the results of recent studies conducted in the areas surrounding Doñana Park, researching biodiversity, conservation and recovery of local knowledge. Using primary data generated by our research group it offers an approach to the current state of plant genetic resources for food in five municipalities of Doñana.Current available data brings us to conclude that local biodiversity for food has the potential to become a sustainable and versatile endogenous resource available to local populations, either being orientated towards commercial production (taking advantage of new market niches –ecological, singular or natural-), for self-sufficiency (prioritising healthy and quality nutrition), tourism (protected by the different categories of the protected area) or sociocultural purposes (enriching territorial ethnological heritage).El presente artículo pretende dar cuenta de los resultados de los últimos estudios llevados a cabo por el GICED en el entorno de Doñana sobre la biodiversidad cultivada y la recuperación del conocimiento local vinculado a ella. Utilizando información primaria generada por nuestro grupo de investigación se ofrece una aproximación al estado actual de los recursos fitogenéticos para la alimentación en cinco municipios del entorno de Doñana.Las datos hasta ahora disponibles nos llevan a concluir que la biodiversidad local destinada a la alimentación tiene el potencial de convertirse en un recurso endógeno sostenible y versátil a disposición de la población local, ya tenga orientación comercial (aprovechando nuevos nichos de mercado de lo ecológico, singular o natural), para el autoabastecimiento (apostando por una alimentación sana y de calidad), turística (amparada por las diferentes figuras de protección del territorio) y sociocultural (enriqueciendo el patrimonio etnológico territorial)

Association of a healthy beverage score with total mortality in the adult population of Spain: a nationwide cohort study

Despite the substantial evidence of the relationship between diet and mortality, the role of beverage consumption patterns is not well known. The aim of this study was to assess the association of the adherence to a Healthy Beverage Score (HBS) and all-cause mortality in a representative sample of the Spanish adult population. We conducted an observational cohort study using data from the Study on Nutrition and Cardiovascular Risk in Spain (ENRICA), which included 12,161 community-dwelling individuals aged ≥18 years recruited in 2008 to 2010 and followed until January 2022. At baseline, food consumption was collected using a validated diet history. The HBS consists of 7 items, each of which is scored from 1 to 4 (highest adherence). The HBS ranges from 7 to 28 points with a higher score representing a healthier pattern. Adherence was assigned as a higher consumption of low-fat milk, and coffee and tea, a lower consumption of whole-fat milk, no consumption of fruit juice, artificially sweetened beverages, or sugar-sweetened beverages, and no or moderate consumption of alcohol. Total mortality was ascertained by linkage to the Spanish National Death Index. Statistical analyses were performed with Cox models and adjusted for the main confounders, including sociodemographic, lifestyle, dietary variables, and morbidity. After a mean follow-up of 12.5 years (SD: 1.7; range: 0.5 to 12.9), a total of 967 deaths occurred. For all-cause mortality, the fully adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for the highest versus lowest sex-specific quartiles of HBS was 0.72 (95% confidence interval [0.57, 0.91], p linear- trend = 0.015), corresponding to an 8.3% reduction in the absolute risk of death. A linear relationship between the risk of death and the adherence to the HBS was observed using restricted cubic splines. The results were robust to sensitivity analyses. The main limitation was that repeated measurements on beverage consumption were not available and beverage consumption could have changed during follow-up. In this study, we observed that higher adherence to the HBS was associated with lower total mortality. Adherence to a healthy beverage pattern could play a role in the prevention of premature mortalityThis work was supported by FIS grants 17/1709, and 20/144 from the Carlos III Health Institute, the Secretary of R+D+I, and the European Regional Development Fund/European Social Fund (to P.G-C); by the National Plan on Drugs grant 2020/17, Spanish Ministry of Health, Spain (to F.RA); by the FACINGLCOVID-CM project, Comunidad de Madrid and European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), European Union (to F.R-A); and by the REACT EU Program, Comunidad de Madrid and European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), European Union (to F.R-A). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscrip

Spiral arteries in second trimester of pregnancy : when is it possible to define expected physiological remodeling as abnormal?

Q2Q2After undergoing remodeling, uterine spiral arteries turn into wide, flexible tubes, with low resistance. If remodeling does not occur, spontaneous abortions, intrauterine growth restriction, and pregnancy-related hypertensive disorders can ensue. Arterial transformation begins at a very early gestational stage; however, second quarter pregnancy histopathological samples have yet to pinpoint the exact moment when abnormal remodeling transpires. We examined 100 samples, taken from consecutive abortions at 12–23 gestational weeks. Following Pijnenborg and Smith guidelines, blinded pathologists analyzed clinical data on remod eling stages. Lab results showed that arterial remodeling is not synchronic in all vessels; a single sample can include various remodeling stages; neither is remodeling homogenous in a single vessel: change may be occurring in one part of the vessel, but not in another. To our knowledge, no one has published this finding. In the examined age group, Smith stage IV predominates; around week 14, substantial muscle and endothelium loss takes place. After week 17, endovascular or fibrin trophoblast does not usually occur. Although scant consensus exists on what defines preeclampsia etiology, it is clear that it involves abnormal remodeling in decidua vessels. Improved understanding requires further knowledge on both the physiological and pathological aspects of the remodeling process. We observed that muscle and endothelial tissues disappear from weeks 14–17, after which time reendothelization predominates. We list the expected proportion of spiral artery changes for each gestational age which, to date, has not been available.https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7147-425XN/

Human parvovirus B19 frequency among blood donors after an epidemic outbreak: relevance of the epidemiological scenario for transfusion medicine

A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the frequency of human parvovirus B19 (B19V) infected individuals, viral loads and immunity among blood donors from Argentina, in a post-epidemic outbreak period. B19V DNA and specific IgG were tested in minimum study samples of donors attending a blood bank at Córdoba, Argentina, in 2014. Anti-B19V IgM and viral loads were determined in B19V-positive plasma samples. Seven of 731 samples (0.96%) resulted positive, corresponding to individuals aged 32–53 years, four of them repeat donnors and three first-time donors. Viral loads were <103 IU/mL. None had IgM and 6/7 had IgG, one of them at a high level (in the range of 100–200 IU/ml, and the remaining 5 at low to medium level, 5–50 IU/ml). Thus one case was classified as acute infection (DNA+/IgM-/IgG-) and six as potentially persistent infections (DNA+/IgM-/IgG+). No coinfections with other pathogens of mandatory control in the pre-transfusion screening were detected. Prevalence of IgG was 77.9% (279/358). This study provides the first data of B19V prevalence in blood donors in Argentina, demonstrating high rates of acute and persistent B19V infections and high prevalence of anti-B19V IgG in a post-epidemic period. Further research is needed to elucidate mechanisms/factors for B19V persistence as well as follow-up of recipients in the context of haemo-surveillance programs, contributing to the knowledge of B19V and blood transfusion safety.Fil: Adamo, Maria Pilar. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Virología Dr. J. M. Vanella; ArgentinaFil: Blanco, Sebastian. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Virología Dr. J. M. Vanella; Argentina. Fundación Banco Central de Sangre de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Viale, Franco Agustín. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Virología Dr. J. M. Vanella; ArgentinaFil: Rivadera, Sabrina Ximena. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Virología Dr. J. M. Vanella; ArgentinaFil: Rodríguez Lombardi, Gonzalo Ramón. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Laboratorio de Hemoderivados; ArgentinaFil: Pedranti, Mauro. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Virología Dr. J. M. Vanella; ArgentinaFil: Carrizo, Rubén Horacio. Fundación Banco Central de Sangre de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Gallego, Sandra Veronica. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Virología Dr. J. M. Vanella; Argentina. Fundación Banco Central de Sangre de Córdoba; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; Argentin

Perfil de los alumnos que acceden a los grados de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad de Sevilla

Este trabajo analiza diversas características de los alumnos de nuevo ingreso en la Universidad de Sevilla. El análisis descriptivo de los estudiantes universitarios ha sido llevado a cabo a través de una investigación empírica. Los datos se han obtenido a partir de una encuesta dirigida a una numerosa muestra de estudiantes universitarios de primer curso provenientes de siete Grados diferentes de una importante área universitaria: ciencias sociales. Los factores analizados son: año de nacimiento del alumno, sexo, estado civil, etc.This paper analyzes different characteristics of new registered students from the University of Seville. The descriptive analysis of university students has been carried out by an empirical research. Data have been obtained from a questionnaire addressed to a large sample of university students in their first year from seven different degree programs from a big academic area in higher education: social sciences. The analyzed factors are: birth year, student's gender, marital status, and so on

From famine foods to delicatessen: Interpreting trends in the use of wild edible plants through cultural ecosystem services

TheMillenniumEcosystemAssessment found a general decline in the consumption and gathering of wild edible plants, but some studies also observe a localized increase. Using information frominterviews (n=1133) in seven sites in the Iberian Peninsula and one in the Balearic Islands,we 1) identify current trends in the consumption and gathering ofwild edible plants (n=56 plant-uses) and 2) analyze howcultural ecosystemservices relate to such trends. Our data show a generalized decrease in the consumption and gathering of wild edible plants, although the trend changes significantly across plant-uses. Specifically, we found that –despite the overall decreasing trend– uses of wild edible plants that simultaneously relate to foods with high cultural appreciation and the recreational function of gathering remain popular. Our results signal that cultural services and values associated to the gathering and consumption of some wild edible plants are important factors explaining divergent trends across plant species. This finding reinforces the notion that cultural ecosystem services are deeply intertwined with other categories of services which can combine in complex, non-linear ways producing a variety of interdependent benefits