Lowering and raising operators for the free Meixner class of orthogonal polynomials

We compare some properties of the lowering and raising operators for the classical and free classes of Meixner polynomials on the real line

Small innovative business development experience

The article deals with the study of the experience and impact of establishing micro, small and medium-sized businesses, including innovative enterprises, in developed countries of Europe, the USA, and Russia, their development dynamics, as well as tools ensuring government regulation of their effective functioning. In Russia, the right to establish small innovative enterprises was granted by Federal Law No. 217-FZ dated August 2, 2009. The article provides quantitative statistics of the accounting of small innovative enterprises operating in the scientific and educational sector of Russia’s economy and the economic indicators of their activities, obtained based on monitoring results. The article also analyzes the US legislation in the innovation field. The research allowed us to come to the following key conclusions: Micro, small, and medium-sized businesses play an important role in the European and American economies, being the most important source of innovation and new jobs. In Russia, further development of a mechanism for commercialization of intellectual results requires improvement in terms of harmonization with international rules. The foreign legislative experience with respect to micro, small and medium-sized businesses is of particular interest for the improvement of the regulatory framework that would ensure the effective operation of small innovative enterprises in Russia.peer-reviewe

Formation of Verbal Forms of Imperative in the Livvik and Lyudik Dialects of Karelian Language

The question of the formation of imperative forms in the dialects of the Karelian language is considered. Attention is paid to two dialects: Livvik and Lyudik. The results of a comparative analysis of affirmative and negative forms of the imperative in the mentioned adverbs are presented. Particular attention is paid to the indicators of the imperative, their origin, features of use in a comparative aspect. The novelty of research is that at present the literary form of the Lyudik dialect of the Karelian language is still not fully formed, and today the Lyudik dialect is poorly represented in the educational space: systematic and systematic teaching due to the influence of objective and subjective factors is not conducted. It is noted that the Livvik dialect, on the contrary, is actively taught in educational institutions of the Republic of Karelia, the grammatical structure of this dialect is quite well studied and tested in the educational process. Based on the fact that the Livvik and Lyudik dialects are most closely related to each other, the material analyzed can also be used in the preparation of textbooks, which are urgently needed by people of the Lyudik dialect

REGULATION OF WORKING MOBILITY AS A FACTOR OF REGION INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS (ULYANOVSK REGION FOR EXAMPLE)

In the article analyzed existing migration flows in Ulyanovsk region. Using cluster analysis recieved groups of region districts with same migration activities. Found out reasons that have influence on migration process. Analyzed influence of migration to labor market development and given recommends to reducing migration

REGULATION OF WORKING MOBILITY AS A FACTOR OF REGION INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS (ULYANOVSK REGION FOR EXAMPLE)

In the article analyzed existing migration flows in Ulyanovsk region. Using cluster analysis recieved groups of region districts with same migration activities. Found out reasons that have influence on migration process. Analyzed influence of migration to labor market development and given recommends to reducing migration

Совмещенный процесс синтеза циклогексилциклогексанкарбоксилата из циклогексанола и CO, катализируемый системой Pd(OAc)2–PPh3–п-толуолсульфокислота

Objectives. To study the possibility of combining acid-catalytic cyclohexanol dehydration and alkoxycarbonylation of the formed cyclohexene with cyclohexanol and carbon(II) oxide in a single reactor in order to achieve high yields of the target cyclohexyl cyclohexanecarboxylate product under mild conditions using the Pd(OAc)2–PPh3–p-toluenesulfonic acid catalytic system.Methods. The combined process took place in a toluene medium in a periodic steel reactor designed to operate at elevated pressure, equipped with a glass insert, a magnetic stirrer, and a sampler, as well as gas input and discharge devices. The reaction mass with the components of the catalytic system was placed in a glass reactor inside a steel autoclave. The reaction mass samples obtained during the combined process were analyzed by gas–liquid chromatography with a flame ionization detector.Results. The possibility of combining cyclohexanol dehydration catalyzed by p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate and formed cyclohexene alkoxycarbonylation with cyclohexanol and CO during catalysis by the Pd(OAc)2–PPh3–p-toluenesulfonic acid system in a single reactor was demonstrated. Under mild conditions (temperature 110°C; CO pressure 2.1 MPa), the target product yield reached 64.8% in 5 h. However, the combined process is complicated by the formation of a cyclohexanecarboxylic acid by-product formed as a result of the cyclohexyl cyclohexanecarboxylate hydrolysis and the cyclohexene hydroxycarbonylation.Conclusions. The reactions of intramolecular acid-catalytic cyclohexanol dehydration and formed cyclohexene alkoxycarbonylation catalyzed by the Pd(OAc)2–PPh3–p-toluenesulfonic acid system can be combined in a single reactor. p-Toluenesulfonic acid can simultaneously act as a catalyst for the cyclohexanol dehydration and a co-catalyst of the palladium–phosphine system of cyclohexene alkoxycarbonylation. The involvement of cyclohexene, representing a product of reversible cyclohexanol dehydration, in the alkoxycarbonylation reaction is a factor in shifting the dehydration reaction equilibrium towards the formation of cyclohexene. Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid is a by-product of the proposed combined process. A factor in the reduction of target product yield is water formed as a result of cyclohexanol dehydration due to the involvement of the latter in the hydrolysis reaction and the course of the cyclohexene hydroxycarbonylation.Цели. Изучение возможности совмещения в одном реакторе реакций кислотнокаталитической дегидратации циклогексанола и алкоксикарбонилирования образующегося циклогексена циклогексанолом и оксидом углерода (II). Установление возможности достижения высоких выходов целевого продукта – циклогексилциклогексанкарбоксилата – в мягких условиях при катализе системой Pd(OAc)2–PPh3–п-толуолсульфокислота.Методы. Совмещенный процесс изучался в среде толуола в периодическом стальном реакторе, рассчитанном на работу при повышенном давлении, снабженном стеклянной вставкой, магнитной мешалкой, пробоотборником, устройствами ввода и сброса газов. Реакционная масса с компонентами каталитической системы помещалась в стеклянный реактор внутри стального автоклава. Отбираемые в ходе совмещенного процесса пробы реакционной массы анализировали методом газо-жидкостной хроматографии с пламенно-ионизационным детектором.Результаты. Показана возможность совмещения в одном реакторе дегидратации циклогексанола, катализируемой моногидратом п-толуолсульфокислоты, и алкоксикарбонилирования образующегося циклогексена циклогексанолом и СО при катализе системой Pd(OAc)2–PPh3–п-толуолсульфокислота. В мягких условиях (температура 110 °С, давление СО 2.1 МПа) выход целевого продукта достигал 64.8% за 5 ч. Установлено, что совмещенный процесс осложняется образованием побочного продукта – циклогексанкарбоновой кислоты – в результате гидролиза циклогексилового эфира циклогексанкарбоновой кислоты и гидроксикарбонилирования циклогексена

Methodology for Estimating the Expected Cost of Engineering and Technology Innovation

The article proposes a methodology for estimating the expected cost of technical and technological innovations. The evaluation is performed in the pre-design phase of the innovation (project initiation phase). It relies on the method of analogy and is implemented based on the principle of “so was - so will be.” At the same time, the available analogues provide objective information about “how it was.” Extending this data into the future to estimate the cost of design relies on probabilistic interpretation of the available uncertainty. Uncertainty removal is accomplished using the principle of maximum entropy. This ensures the most complete consideration of the available objective information and minimizes speculation in assessing the cost of designing innovative objects. In general, the methodology proposed in the article allows obtaining objective estimates of the expected cost of designing technical and technological innovations in the standard information situation for the initiation stage of the project

Benefits Analysis of Wind-Optimal Operations For Trans-Atlantic Flights

North Atlantic Tracks are trans-Atlantic routes across the busiest oceanic airspace in the world. This study analyzes and compares current flight-plan routes to wind-optimal routes for trans-Atlantic flights in terms of aircraft fuel burn, emissions and the associated climate impact. The historical flight track data recorded by EUROCONTROL's Central Flow Management Unit is merged with data from FAA's Enhanced Traffic Management System to provide an accurate flight movement database containing the highest available flight path resolution in both systems. The combined database is adopted for airspace simulation integrated with aircraft fuel burn and emissions models, contrail models, simplified climate response models, and a common climate metric to assess the climate impact of flight routes within the Organized Track System (OTS). The fuel burn and emissions for the tracks in the OTS are compared with the corresponding quantities for the wind-optimized routes to evaluate the potential environmental benefits of flying wind-optimal routes in North Atlantic Airspace. The potential fuel savings and reduction in emissions depend on existing inefficiencies in current flight plans, atmospheric conditions and location of the city-pairs. The potential benefits are scaled by comparing them with actual flight tests that have been conducted since 2010 between a few city-pairs in the transatlantic and trans-pacific region to improve fuel consumption and reduce the environmental impact of aviation

Model and Method of Calendar Planning of Logistic Processes of Enterprises of Agricultural Complex

A model and method for the formation of optimal calendar plans for the organization of logistics processes for the functioning of enterprises of the agro-industrial complex have been developed. The model is based on the presentation of the procedure for the formation of an optimal calendar plan in the form of a discrete programming problem. The optimization method is based on the procedure of branches and boundaries. The proposed model and method are the basis for creating specific methods for the formation of optimal calendar plans for the organization of logistical processes of the functioning of the agro industrial complex

Effect of Silicon Content on Carbide Precipitation and Low-Temperature Toughness of Pressure Vessel Steels

Cr – Mn – Mo – Ni pressure vessel steels containing 0.54 and 1.55% Si are studied. Metallographic and fractographic analyses of the steels after tempering at 650 and 700°C are performed. The impact toughness at – 30°C and the hardness of the steels are determined. The mass fraction of the carbide phase in the steels is computed with the help of the J-MatPro 4.0 software