Performance and characteristics of Piau's carcass

Foram estudadas as “performances” e as características da carcaça em uma amostra de um rebanho da raça Piau. O experimento foi feito com 20 suínos distribuídos em lotes de 4 animais com cinco repetições. Os resultados mais importantes obtidos foram: a) 239 dias de idade para alcançar 90 kg; b) ganho diário, 0,469 kg; c) peso da carcaça resfriada, 71,348 kg; d) comprimento da carcaça resfriada, 69,48 cm; e) espessura do toucinho, 5,39 cm; f) total dos cortes nobres, 32,82% e 26,93% em relação à carcaça resfriada e ao peso vivo, respectivamente e g) área do olho do lombo entre a 10.ª e a 11.ª costelas, 18,12 cm. Os resultados encontrados pelo teste "t" mostram que as características gerais da carcaça e as percentagens dos cortes nobres sobre o peso vivo e sobre a carcaça foram inferiores às do suíno tipo carne, sendo as diferenças altamente significativas (exceção do comprimento da carcaça).The performance and characteristics of carcass were studied in Piau's race. The experiment was carried out with 20 hogs, divided in five treatments, with four repetitions. The most important obtained results were: a) days to reach 90 kg; b) daily gain, 0.469 kg; c) weight of the cooled carcass 71.348 kg; d) length of the cooled carcass 69.48 cm; e) lard thickness 5.39 cm; f) total of prime cuts in relation to the cooled carcass 32.82% and 26.93% with respect to the living weight, and g) loin-oye area between the 10 th and the 11 th ribs 18.12 cm2. The results obtained by the "t" test demonstrate that the general characteristics of the carcass and the percentages of the prime cuts, related to the live weight and to the carcass, were inferior to the pig meat type, with highly significant differences (with exception of the length of the carcass)

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

Deposição e acúmulo de matéria seca e nutrientes em serapilheira em um bosque de sabiá (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth.)

A quantificação da deposição de serapilheira e o acúmulo de manta orgânica são etapas importantes dos estudos de ciclagem de nutrientes. Com esse fim, objetivou-se quantificar a deposição de serapilheira e o acúmulo de manta orgânica em um povoamento de Sabiá (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth.), no campo experimental pertencente à Empresa Pernambucana de Pesquisa Agropecuária - IPA, Itambé, PE. Para quantificação da serapilheira foram utilizados 20 coletores de madeira de 0,50 x 0,50 x 15 cm, à distância do solo de 30 cm, distribuídos sistematicamente na área. O material depositado foi coletado mensalmente no período de outubro/2000 a setembro/2001. O material colhido em cada coletor foi separado em folhas, galhos, flores, frutos e miscelânea. A manta orgânica não decomposta sobre o solo foi amostrada, ao acaso, nas proximidades da caixa coletora, obtendo-se 20 amostras mensais. De cada amostra foi retirado o material contido numa área de 30 x 30 cm. O material colhido foi separado em folhas, flores, frutos, miscelânea e galhos. As amostras foram levadas à estufa a 60 º C no período de 48 horas até peso constante. A deposição mensal de serapilheira e frações folha e legume ocorreu em outubro, provavelmente devido ao início do período seco. A deposição e o estoque de serapilheira foram estimados em 7830,44 kg.ha-1.ano-1 e 8906.9, kg.ha-1, respectivamente, com a fração folha dominando. A fração folha apresentou os maiores teores de nutrientes

Métodos de recuperação de pastagens de Brachiaria decumbens Stapf. no Agreste Pernambucano Recovery methods of Brachiaria decumbens Stapf. pastures in the Agreste region of Pernambuco State

Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de identificar metodologias que viabilizem a recuperação de pastagens degradadas de Brachiaria decumbens Stapf. no Agreste de Pernambuco. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso com confundimento. Os tratamentos experimentais foram constituídos de quatro manejos de recuperação (diferimento, diferimento + gradagem, diferimento + gradagem + milho e diferimento + plantio direto do milho), duas doses de nitrogênio (0 e 100 kg/ha de N), duas doses de fósforo (0 e 100 kg/ha de P2O5), perfazendo 16 tratamentos, com três repetições. O corte foi realizado aos 138 dias do início do experimento. Houve interação entre as adubações utilizadas, evidenciando aumento na disponibilidade de matéria seca para as adição conjunta de 100 kg/ha de N e 100 kg/ha de P2 O5. A disponibilidade de MS total foi superior nos métodos diferimento e diferimento + plantio direto, quando comparados aos tratamentos com gradagem. Aos 138 dias, houve ainda aumento na porcentagem de solo descoberto nos métodos com uso de grade, verificando-se o contrário nos tratamentos sem gradagem. A gradagem não se mostrou uma prática agronômica viável para a recuperação de pastagens degradadas em solos arenosos do Agreste Pernambucano, enquanto o diferimento da pastagem por 138 dias no período chuvoso propiciou a recuperação, principalmente quando associado à adubação nitrogenada e fosfatada. A recuperação da pastagem de Brachiaria decumbens Stapf. é expressivamente incrementada com a aplicação de adubos nitrogenado e fosfatado pela redução de outras espécies.<br>In order to identify methods of recuperation of degraded pastures in the Agreste of Pernambuco, an experiment was conducted in the Fazenda Riacho do Papaguaio, municipial district of São João. It was used a split-plot feature within a confounded randomized block design. The experimental treatments were four recovery managements (deferment, deferment + harrowing, deferment + harrowing + corn as a companion crop, deferment + corn as a companion crop), two levels of nitrogen (0 and 100 kg/ha of N), two levels of phosphorus (0 and 100 kg/ha of P2O5), totalizing 16 experimental treatments with three replications. The harvesting evaluation was taken after 138 days from implementation of the experimental treatments. A significant N and P2O5 interaction was observed with marked increase in forage dry matter mass corresponding to the combination of 100 kg/ha of N and P2O5. The deferment and deferment + corn treatments resulted in higher forage mass yield as compared to the harrowing ones. After 138 days of growth, there was an increase in the percentage of uncovered soil with plow use, while the opposite was true without the use of a plow. Plowing did not demonstrate agronomic viability as a degraded pasture recuperation practice. Allowing the pasture to rest for 138 days during the rainy season promoted its recuperation, primarily with the combined application of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers. The recovery of nitrogen and phosphate fertilized Brachiaria decumbens Stapf. was associated with decrease of other species

Núcleos de Ensino da Unesp: artigos 2010: volume 4: as disciplinas escolares, os temas transversais e o processo de educação

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP