TESTIMONIAL CONTENT AND CHILDHOOD IN NUMBER THE STARS BY LOIS LOWRY.

This paper seeks to analyze the work "Number the Stars" through the lens of memory and testimonial content. The work presents the experience of a girl who survived the Second World War with facts witnessed by a German family who lived in Denmark and began to deal with the presence of the Nazis. As a theoretical basis for this analysis, we resort to authors such as Seligmann Silva (2002) who discusses testimony, memory and testimonial content, Vilela (2012) who analyzes the articulations of testimony as a form of meaning and sense, Salgueiro (2012) who analyzes the strands and types of testimony. This analysis will benefit from the studies of Don Latham with an article entitled Childhood under Siege: Lois Lowry 's Number the Stars and The Giver, which highlights the different types of childhood according to each society or historical context.  The purpose of this analysis is to show the importance of testimonial content as a literary form of resistance, as well as to analyze the presence of childhood in the work according to the author's perspective. This work is the result of the orientations received in the research project for scientific initiation CRENAC –  Configurations of Resistance in Contemporary Anglophone Narratives – coordinated by professor Dr. Ana Lilia Carvalho Rocha of which I was part as a scholarship holder by FAPESP “Fundação de Apoio a Pesquisa no Pará

Aprendizaje cooperativo y rendimiento académico en estudiantes de medicina de Trujillo, 2022

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo general, determinar la relación entre el aprendizaje cooperativo y el rendimiento académico; para ello se utilizó una muestra no probabilística de 74 estudiantes de medicina de una universidad particular de Trujillo, para la recolección de la información se utilizó el cuestionario de aprendizaje cooperativo de Fernández Ríos et al. (2015), los datos del rendimiento académico fueron las calificaciones finales del semestre 2021-2 , el tipo de investigación según el alcance de los resultados fue correlación (Hernández-Sampieri y Mendoza, 2018). Para el análisis de los resultados correlacionales se utilizó la prueba no paramétrica Rho de Spearman Los resultados hallados fueron que no existe relación entre la variable aprendizaje cooperativo y el rendimiento académic

Modulation of Toll Like Receptor-2 on sebaceous gland by the treatment of adult female acne

Adult female acne is a chronic inflammatory, immune-mediated disease that affects the pilosebaceous unit in women in their 20s to 40s, and is considered different from acne vulgaris. Propionibacterium acnes is recognized by TLR-2, resulting in activation of this receptor and an inflammatory response through the NF kappa B pathway. This therapeutic, interventional, open, randomized, evaluator-blinded and comparative trial included 38 adult women with moderate facial acne and 10 age-matched controls, all aged between 26 and 44 years. Two treatments were performed over six months: 15% azelaic acid gel (AA) bid (n = 18) and oral contraceptive (COC) drospirenone 3 mg/ethinylestradiol .02 mg (n = 20). Biopsies were taken at baseline (control, lesion, perilesional) and at the conclusion (lesion and perilesional) of the study to evaluate TLR-2 expression by immunohistochemistry. Lesion count and blind photographic evaluation were used for efficacy. The groups were homogeneous: 70% of lesions were located in the submandibular area, 95% of participants had inflammatory lesionsof these, 50% had persistent and 50% had late-onset acne. The mean ages were 33.7 +/- 5.5 and 33.1 +/- 5.3 years (COC and AA group, respectively). A moderate clinical improvement was observed in both groups. No difference in TLR-2 expression in the lesion or perilesional areas was observedhowever, reduced TLR-2 expression was seen in the control group. A significant reduction in expression was observed after both treatments, with no difference between the groups. This finding suggests an anti-inflammatory effect of COCs and AA in adult female acne, via modulation of the TLR-2 receptor.Dermatology - Sao Paulo Regional of BrazilianSociety of Dermatology - FUNADERSPUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Prevent Med, Dept Dermatol, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Prevent Med, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Prevent Med, Dept Dermatol, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Prevent Med, Sao Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Exposición crónica a hongos productores de aflatoxinas relacionada a daños hepáticos en chinchillas (chinchilla lanigera) destinadas a la producción de piel

Chinchilla pelt is a rare and expensive fur. Therefore, breeding these animals is a profitable activity. Confirmed acute cases of aflatoxin intoxication have been reported in Argentinean farms. The aims of this study were i) to evaluate mycobiota and AFB1 -producing species in chinchilla feeds ii) to investigate their natural AFB1 contamination and iii) to analyze histopathological lesions in chinchilla livers. Feed samples (A: fur chinchillas, B: mother chinchillas, C: lucerne cubes) were collected from a factory and a farm. Livers of sacrificed chinchilla from the farm were macroscopically and microscopically examined. Total fungal counts of feed C exceeded 1x104 CFU g-1. Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium were the prevalent genera, while A. flavus, A. fumigatus, F. verticillioides and F. proliferatum were the prevalent species. 50 % of A. flavus strains from factory samples and 69.7 % from farm samples produced 2.78 to 8. 64 µg g-1 and 0.66 to 58.8 µg g-1 AFB1 , respectively. Aflatoxin B1 was detected only in feeds from the farm, finding the highest incidence in feed C. Toxin levels varied between 1.90 and 97.34 µg kg-1 AFB1 . Mean levels in feed A and C exceeded 20 µg kg-1. Macroscopic examination of livers revealed normal appearance, size and color. However, histopathological examination indicated 63.3 % showed slight to moderate lipid degeneration with diffuse cytoplasm vacuolation, 9 % intense lipid cytoplasm vacuolation and 27.3 % hydropic degeneration and nuclear vacuolation in hepatocytes. A periodic monitoring of aflatoxins in feeds and their ingredients can prevent acute outbreaks and economic losses caused by chronic exposure.La piel de chinchilla es una de las más exóticas y apreciadas en el mercado internacional. La cría de estos animales es una actividad muy rentable. En Argentina, se han detectado casos de aflatoxicosis aguda en criaderos. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron: i) estudiar la micobiota y los hongos productores de aflatoxina B1 (AFB1 ) presentes en alimento para chinchillas. ii) analizar la contaminación natural con AFB1 de estos alimentos iii) buscar lesiones histopatológicas en hígados de chinchillas de los criaderos. Se recolectaron muestras de diferentes alimentos (A: chinchilla piel, B: chinchilla madre, C: cubos de alfalfa) en una fábrica y un criadero localizados en la ciudad de Rio Cuarto, en la región central de Argentina. Los hígados de las chinchillas sacrificadas en el criadero fueron analizados macroscópica y microscópicamente. Los recuentos fúngicos totales fueron mayores a 1x104 UFC g-1. Aspergillus, Fusarium y Penicillium fueron los géneros prevalentes, mientras que A. flavus, A. fumigatus, F. verticillioides y F. proliferatum fueron las especies aisladas con mayor frecuencia. 50 % de las cepas de A. flavus aisladas de la fábrica y 69.7 % de las aisladas del criadero produjeron 2.78 a 8.64 µg g-1 y 0.66 a 58.8 µg g-1 de AFB1 , respectivamente. Se detectó AFB1 sólo en las muestras del criadero, con mayor incidencia en el alimento C. Los niveles de toxina variaron entre 1.90 y 97.34 µg kg-1. Los niveles promedios en A y C fueron superiores a 20 µg kg-1. El análisis macroscópico de los hígados reveló apariencia, tamaño y color normal. El análisis microscópico indicó que 63.3 % de los hígados presentaron degeneración lipídica leve a moderada con vacuolización difusa del citoplasma, 9 % presentaron vacuolización lipídica intensa y 27.3 % degeneración hidrópica y vacuolización nuclear en los hepatocitos. El monitoreo periódico de La calidad de los alimentos e ingredientes usados en la alimentación de chinchillas puede evitar intoxicaciones agudas y pérdidas económicas causadas por la exposición crónica a aflatoxinas.Fil: Landa, Maria Florencia. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Gonzalez Pereyra, Maria Laura. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Pena, Gabriela Alejandra. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Bagnis, Guillermo. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología; ArgentinaFil: Cavaglieri, Lilia Reneé. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Rosa, Carlos Alberto da Rocha. Conselho Nacional de Pesquisas Científicas; BrasilFil: Dalcero, Ana Maria. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

THE SPIDER WEB METAPHOR AS A RESISTANCE SYMBOL OF SURVIVAL OF NATIVE AMERICAN PEOPLES IN “THERE THERE” BY TOMMY ORANGE

This paper examines how the metaphor of the spider web in "There There" (2016) by Native American writer Tommy Orange is utilized to convey a message of resistance and survival of Native American peoples. The analysis explores the cultural symbolism of the spider web and its relationship to the three characters in the book, drawing on theoretical approaches from authors such as Hertha D. Wong, Carol Patterson-Rudolph, Katarzyna, and Sergiusz Michalski. Additionally, Achille Mbembe's concept of necropolitics is incorporated into the analysis, linking it to the historical policies of genocide and social exclusion applied to Native American peoples. By studying authors such as Vine Deloria Jr., Ward Churchill, and Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz, one can understand how the cultural and territorial genocide policies applied to Native American peoples in the United States were used to justify the exploitation of their natural resources and the usurpation of their lands. Thus, this analysis offers a critical and broad perspective on the struggle of Native American peoples for their survival and resistance

Mycobiota and mycotoxins present in finished fish feeds from farms in the Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

The aim of the present study was to determine species of the fungal genera Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Penicillium and fumonisin B1 (FB1), aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), and ochratoxin A (OTA) contamination from feed intended for fish farms. A total of 60 samples were sampled from tilapia farms in the Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. The quantitative enumeration of fungi as colony-forming units per gram of feed (CFU/g) was performed using the surface spread method in different culture media. The results were expressed as fungal isolation frequency and relative density. Fungal total counts ranged from <1 × 102 to 4.7 × 104 CFU/g. Fusarium counts were not observed. Among toxigenic genera, Aspergillus (68%) was the most prevalent, followed by Penicillium species (60%). Aspergillus niger aggregate (36%), Aspergillus flavus (35%), and Penicillium citrinum (71%) were the most prevalent species. A high percentage of samples (98%) were contaminated with FB1 levels, while 55% and 3.3% were contaminated with AFB1 and OTA, respectively. The simultaneous occurrence of these mycotoxins emphasizes the need for further research in the area to better assess the risk to the health of fish farms and their implications for the health of consumers of this meat.Fil: Barbosa, Tatiana S.. Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro ; BrasilFil: Pereyra, Carina Maricel. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Soleiro, Carla A.. Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro ; Brasil. Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimiento Científico y Tecnológico; BrasilFil: Dias, Erica O.. Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro ; BrasilFil: Oliveira, Aguida A.. Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro ; Brasil. Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimiento Científico y Tecnológico; BrasilFil: Keller, Kelly M.. Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro ; Brasil. Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimiento Científico y Tecnológico; BrasilFil: Silva, Pedro P. O.. Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Cavaglieri, Lilia Reneé. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Rosa, Carlos Alberto da Rocha. Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro ; Brasil. Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimiento Científico y Tecnológico; Brasi

TESTEMUNHO E NECROPOLÍTICA EM “A MOONLESS STARLESS SKY

Este trabalho visa mostrar os testemunhos, a Necropolítica e os casos de estado de exceção no século XXI, por meio dos relatos de Eunice e Bosco, um casal que na África moderna foram vítimas de sequestro do LRA de Joseph kony e obrigados a realizar atos de horror, casos que estão testemunhados na obra de Alexis Okeowo. Na obra “A Moonless, Starless Sky” Okeowo traz quatro narrativas que relatam esses conflitos da África moderna: casos de estado de exceção, escravidão, extremismo e violência. A obra entrelaça-se com a literatura de testemunho e a Necropolítica, mostrando a relação da literatura e a violência, as produções literárias elaboradas por sobreviventes de catástrofes históricas que expõem o que foi vivido. A fortuna crítica usada para nortear as pesquisas para o trabalho refere-se aos autores Valéria de Marco, com seu trabalho sobre “A literatura de testemunho e a violência de Estado”, Tânia Sarmento-Pantoja com seu artigo sobre “A quatro mãos com medusa: Escrita Do medo no (sobre) O ESTADO DE EXCEÇÃO”, Wilberth Salgueiro com seu trabalho “O que é literatura de testemunho (e considerações em torno de Graciliano Ramos, Alex Polari e André Du Rap)” e Achille Mbembe com seu conceito sobre necropolítica.. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido pelas orientações recebidas no projeto de pesquisa CRENAC - Configurações de Resistência em Narrativas Anglófonas Contemporânea

DETERMINANTES PARA DIVULGAÇÃO VOLUNTÁRIA DE DEMONSTRAÇÕES CONTÁBEIS EM WEBSITES DE MUNICÍPIOS DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO

Esta pesquisa analisa os determinantes políticos, institucionais, sociais e financeiros dos municípios para a divulgação voluntária dos demonstrativos contábeis disciplinados pela Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal 101/2000 e pela Lei 4.320/64, com base em dados coletados nos websites de municípios do Rio de Janeiro. Os resultados indicam que os municípios em que o prefeito foi reeleito e que descumpriram os limites impostos pela Lei de Responsabilidade fiscal têm maiores chances de divulgar voluntariamente demonstrações contábeis. Por outro lado, existem indícios de que municípios com maior competição política possuem menor probabilidade de divulgação de alguns demonstrativos. Os achados indicam que apenas algumas características políticas, sociais e financeiras são determinantes para divulgação voluntária de informações financeiras nos websites, podendo contribuir para o estabelecimento de medidas que incentivem tal comportamento pelos gestores público se com o intuito de ampliar o acesso às informações pela população

TESTEMUNHO NA OBRA A QUEDA DO CÉU: PALAVRAS DE UM XAMÃ YANOMAMI, DE DAVI KOPENAWA E BRUCE ALBERT

The present work addresses the testimonies in several chapters of the book "The Falling Sky: Words of a Yanomami Shaman" by Davi Kopenawa and Bruce Albert. The book is a non-fictional account by a shaman in collaboration with French anthropologist Bruce Albert. The initiative began in the 1990s, at Kopenawa's request, in response to the missionary brutality and the Northern Perimetral Road that his people were experiencing. The research aims to identify testimony within the mentioned work. The specific objectives are based on analyzing the memories of the Yanomami people, discussing the testimony as described and experienced by Kopenawa, and exposing shamanic prophecy as the Yanomami people's resistance. The research methodology is qualitative, utilizing technical procedures to analyze the work and is also rooted in the understanding of human behavior. Furthermore, the work conducts a theoretical investigation of authors such as Harlow (1987), Bosi (1996), Kopenawa (2015), Albert (2015), Sarmento-Pantoja (2021), Sarmento-Pantoja (2014), among others, who provide the theoretical framework for the research's development. In light of the above, we can conclude that the discussion in this work is relevant for a shift in historical narratives, contributing to the valorization of the history, culture and voices of indigenous peoples.O presente trabalho aborda os testemunhos em alguns capítulos na obra “A queda do céu: palavras de um xamã yanomami” de Davi Kopenawa e Bruce Albert. A obra é um relato não ficcional de um xamã em parceria com um antropólogo francês Bruce Albert. A iniciativa se deu a partir da década de 90, a pedido de Kopenawa diante da brutalidade missionária e da estrada Perimetral Norte que seu povo estava vivendo. O objetivo da pesquisa é identificar o testemunho na obra em questão. Os objetivos específicos estão baseados em analisar as memórias do povo Yanomami; discorrer sobre o testemunho descrito e vivido pelo Kopenawa; expor a profecia xamânica como resistência do povo Yanomami. A metodologia da pesquisa é qualitativa, pois utiliza procedimentos técnicos de análise da obra, além disso, baseia-se na compreensão e comportamento humano; Ademais, o trabalho faz uma pesquisa teórica de autores como: Harlow (1987), Bosi (1996), Kopenawa (2015), Albert (2015), Sarmento-Pantoja (2021), Sarmento-Pantoja (2014), outros, que são o aporte teórico para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa. Diante do exposto, podemos concluir que, a discussão do trabalho se faz pertinente para uma mudança das narrativas históricas, contribuindo para a valorização da história, cultura e vozes dos povos indígenas