70 research outputs found

    Les initiatives citoyennes de soutien aux migrants en Belgique. De l’humanitaire à la contestation politique

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    À l’instar de nombreux pays europĂ©ens, la Belgique fait face depuis 2015 Ă  l’arrivĂ©e de migrants marquĂ©s par une extrĂȘme vulnĂ©rabilitĂ©. Leur accueil a amenĂ© les sociĂ©tĂ©s europĂ©ennes Ă  se polariser autour de la question migratoire et a suscitĂ© de larges dĂ©bats portant sur la gestion sĂ©curitaire des migrations et les rĂ©ponses humanitaires Ă  apporter. Dans ce contexte, la Belgique a vu fleurir de nombreuses initiatives citoyennes dĂ©sirant combler les manquements (perçus ou rĂ©els) des institutions d’accueil et d’intĂ©gration. Construites et structurĂ©es autour de l’aide humanitaire Ă  pourvoir aux migrants, ces initiatives participent Ă  l’émergence de dynamiques (et demandes) relationnelles dĂ©passant la « simple » rĂ©ponse aux besoins primaires et elles dĂ©clenchent des positionnements et des revendications d’ordre politique. Sur la base de deux Ă©tudes de cas engageant principalement des migrants provenant de pays africains, cet article prĂ©sente une analyse micro des processus par lesquels les relations tissĂ©es au sein de l’action humanitaire participent Ă  la redĂ©finition des finalitĂ©s de ces mouvements citoyens, faisant entrer des objectifs politiques dans une action centrĂ©e sur un registre initialement Ă©thique. Notre analyse s’adresse Ă©galement aux espaces et formes de prise de parole des migrants au sein de ces dynamiques, et du processus de leur politisation.As in many European countries, Belgium, since 2015, has faced the arrival of migrants marked by extreme vulnerability. Their reception has led European societies to shape polarized opinions around the issue of migration and has triggered large debates on the management of migration through a securitization approach, as well as the humanitarian responses to it. In this context, Belgium has witnessed the appearance of a number of citizens’ initiatives wishing to supplement the failings (perceived or real) of reception and integration institutions. Constructed and structured around humanitarian aid to be provided to migrants, these initiatives contribute to the emergence of relational dynamics (and demands) that go beyond the “simple” response to primary needs, and trigger political positions and claims. Based on two case studies mainly engaging migrants coming from African countries, this article brings a micro-analysis of the processes through which the relations within humanitarian action contributes to the redefinition of the goals of these citizens’ movements, bringing political objectives into an action originally focused on an ethical register. Our analysis also addresses the spaces and forms of speaking up by migrants within these dynamics, and the process of their politicization

    Intergroup Conflict Self-Perpetuates via Meaning: Exposure to Intergroup Conflict Increases Meaning and Fuels a Desire for Further Conflict

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    We investigated whether violent conflict provides individuals with a sense of meaning that they are hesitant to let go of, thus contributing to the perpetuation of intergroup conflict. Across a wide variety of contexts, we found that making intergroup conflict salient increased the meaning people found in conflict and, in turn, increased support for conflict-perpetuating beliefs, ideologies, policies, and behaviors. These effects were detected among participants exposed to reminders of intergroup conflict (the American Revolutionary War and the U.S.-led campaign against ISIS; Studies 1A and 1B), participants living through actual intergroup conflict (the 2014 Israel-Gaza war; Study 2), and participants who perceived actual intergroup conflicts to be larger versus smaller in scope (the November 2015 Paris attacks; Studies 3 and 4). We also found that directly manipulating the perceived meaning in conflict (in the context of the 2014 NYC "hatchet attack"; Study 5) led to greater perceived meaning in life in general and thereby greater support for conflict escalation. Together, these findings suggest that intergroup conflict can serve as a source of meaning that people are motivated to hold on to. We discuss our findings in the context of the meaning making and threat compensation literatures, and consider their implications for perspectives on conflict escalation and resolution

    Who is willing to help Ukrainian refugees and why? Individual prosocial dispositions and superordinate European identity related to intergroup helping intentions

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    In 2022, Europe experienced unprecedented citizen mobilizations to help Ukrainian refugees. Based on two parallel scholarship lines, we examined individual prosocial dispositions and superordinate identities related to intentions to help Ukrainians. Employing a French-speaking student sample in Belgium (N = 374), in Study 1 we showed that dispositional prosociality and European identification were both positively related to intentions to help Ukrainians. An interaction qualified these main effects, so that highly prosocial European identifiers were particularly willing to help. With a nationwide quota sample of the French-speaking population in Belgium (N = 371), in Study 2 we identified two processes mediating the relationship of dispositional prosociality and European identification with intentions to help Ukrainians. On the one hand, dispositional prosociality was positively related to empathy towards Ukrainians, which in turn predicted participants’ helping intentions. On the other hand, European identification was positively related to both empathy and identity fusion with Ukrainians, which in turn predicted participants’ helping intentions. Overall, these findings suggest that individual prosocial dispositions and superordinate identities represent two cumulative pathways to intergroup helping. Concluding, we discuss common and specific processes related to intentions to help Ukrainians, as compared to other refugee groups

    The Impact of COVID-19 on the Majority Population, Ethno-Racial Minorities, and Immigrants : A Systematic Literature Review on Threat Appraisals From an Inter-Group Perspective

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    The COVID-19 pandemic constitutes an unprecedented threat for individuals and societies, revealing stark inequalities in preparedness, exposure, and consequences. The present systematic literature review complements extant knowledge on disasters and pandemic diseases with programmatic research on the COVID-19 pandemic. Building upon an integrative definition of threat, we merge intra-personal threat regulation with group dynamics and inter-group relations. Via streamlined methods of knowledge synthesis, we first map out a broad taxonomy of threats, as appraised by the majority population and ethno-racial and immigrant minorities. Second, we delve into research linking threat appraisals with either conflict or prosociality within and across group boundaries. To conclude, we propose some guidelines for researchers to involve ethno-racial and immigrant minorities actively and for societies to cope cohesively with the impact of COVID-19

    L'adoption culturelle par les personnes issues de l'immigration :entre pragmatisme et enjeux identitaires

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    La prĂ©sente thĂšse traite de la place prise par l’identification Ă  la nation d’accueil et l’adoption de la culture majoritaire dans les attitudes des membres de la majoritĂ© envers les minoritĂ©s issues de l’immigration ainsi que dans les processus d’intĂ©gration de ces minoritĂ©s. À travers une sĂ©rie d’études expĂ©rimentales, la premiĂšre partie de la thĂšse dĂ©montre que les membres de la majoritĂ© tendent Ă  considĂ©rer l’adoption de la culture majoritaire par les personnes issues de l’immigration comme un marqueur de leur identification Ă  la nation d’accueil. De plus, cette perception d’attachement identitaire est apparue comme un facteur central dans la construction des attitudes envers les personnes issues de l’immigration. Cette premiĂšre partie se conclut avec une Ă©tude suggĂ©rant que, dans un contexte de parcours d’intĂ©gration obligatoire oĂč l’adoption culturelle est rendue obligatoire, les membres de la majoritĂ© ont tendance Ă  infĂ©rer moins d’identification Ă  la nation et par consĂ©quent Ă  percevoir plus nĂ©gativement les personnes issues de l’immigration comparativement Ă  un contexte oĂč ils sont dĂ©peints comme adoptant la culture majoritaire spontanĂ©ment. Dans une deuxiĂšme partie de la thĂšse, nous nous sommes intĂ©ressĂ©s Ă  la place prise par l’adoption de la culture et l’identification au pays d’accueil dans le processus d’intĂ©gration des personnes issues de l’immigration. Comme nous en avions fait l’hypothĂšse, l’adoption de la culture majoritaire apparaĂźt prioritaire chez les demandeurs d’asile syriens et irakiens qui viennent d’arriver sur le territoire belge. Finalement, sur base des donnĂ©es Eurislam rĂ©coltĂ©es Ă  travers plusieurs pays europĂ©ens auprĂšs de diffĂ©rentes minoritĂ©s, nous discutons du lien entre la maitrise de la langue du pays d’accueil et l’identification nationale. Sur base d’une analyse de profils, nous suggĂ©rons qu’il est important de considĂ©rer l’adoption de la culture et l’identification Ă  la nation comme deux dimensions diffĂ©rentes Ă  prendre en considĂ©ration tant dans les futures recherches que dans les dispositifs politiques d’intĂ©gration.Doctorat en Sciences psychologiques et de l'Ă©ducationinfo:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublishe

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    Allochtone :une dénomination euphémisante devenue polémique

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    info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

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