41,071 research outputs found
High-resolution Observations of OH(1720 MHz) Masers Toward the Galactic Center
High-resolution VLA observations of 1720 MHz OH maser emission from Sgr A
East and the circumnuclear disk with spatial and spectral resolutions of
2\dasec5 1\dasec3 and 0.27 \kms are reported. This follow-up
observational study focuses on the recent discovery of a number of such OH
maser features and their intense circularly polarized maser lines detected
toward these Galactic center sources. The 1720 MHz maser line of OH arises from
collisionally excited gas behind a C-type shock and is an important diagnostic
of the interaction process that may occur between molecular clouds and
associated X-ray emitting shell-type supernova remnants. The present
observations have confirmed that the observed Stokes signal is due to
Zeeman splitting and that the OH masers are angularly broadened by the
scattering medium toward the Galactic center. The scale length of the magnetic
field fluctuations in the scattering medium toward the Galactic center is
estimated to be greater than 0.1-0.2 pc using the correlation of the position
angles of the scatter-broadened maser spots. In addition, the kinematics of the
maser spots associated with Sgr A East are used to place a 5 pc displacement
between this extended radio structure and the Galactic center.Comment: 13 pages, 2 Tables and 2 figures, to be published in Ap
On Distribution Functions for Partons in Nuclei
We suggest that a previously conjectured relation between Structure Functions
(SF) for nuclei and nucleons also links distribution functions (df) for partons
in a nucleus and in nucleons. The above suggestion ensures in principle
identical results for SF , whether computed with hadronic or partonic
degrees of freedom. In practice there are differences, due to different
input. We show that the thus defined nuclear parton distribution functions
(pdf) respect standard sumrules. In addition we numerically compare some
moments of nuclear SF, and find agreement between results, using hadronic and
partonic descriptions. We present computations of EMC ratios for both, and
compare those with hadronic predictions and data. In spite of substantial
differences in the participating SF, the two representations produce
approximately the same EMC ratios. The apparent correlation between the above
deviations is ascribed to a sumrule for . We conclude with a discussion
of alternative approaches to nuclear pdf.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figure
Flaring Activity of Sgr A*: Expanding Hot Blobs
Sgr A* is considered to be a massive black hole at the Galactic center and is
known to be variable in radio, millimeter, near-IR and X-rays. Recent
multi-wavelength observing campaigns show a simultaneous X-ray and near-IR
flare, as well as sub-millimeter and near-IR flares from Sgr A*. The flare
activity is thought to be arising from the innermost region of Sgr A*. We have
recently argued that the duration of flares in near-IR and submillimeter
wavelengths implies that the burst of emission expands and cools on a dynamical
time scale before the flares leave Sgr A*. The detection of radio flares with a
time delay in the range of 20 and 40 minutes between 7 and 12mm peak emission
implies adiabatic expansion of a uniform, spherical hot blob due to flare
activity. We suspect that this simple outflow picture shows some of the
characteristics that are known to take place in microquasars, thus we may learn
much from comparative study of Sgr A* and its environment vs. microquasars.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, to be published in IV Microquasar Workshop:
Microquasars and Beyond, September 18-22 2006, Como, Ital
Mean field exponents and small quark masses
We demonstrate that the restoration of chiral symmetry at finite-T in a class
of confining Dyson-Schwinger equation (DSE) models of QCD is a mean field
transition, and that an accurate determination of the critical exponents using
the chiral and thermal susceptibilities requires very small values of the
current-quark mass: log_{10}(m/m_u) < -5. Other classes of DSE models
characterised by qualitatively different interactions also exhibit a mean field
transition. Incipient in this observation is the suggestion that mean field
exponents are a result of the gap equation's fermion substructure and not of
the interaction.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figures, REVTEX, epsfi
Interactions between vaccinia virus and sensitized macrophages in vitro
The action of peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) from normal and vaccinia virus infected mice on infectious vaccinia virus particles was investigatedin vitro. PEC from immune mice showed a significantly higher infectivity titre reduction (virus clearance, VC) than normal cells. This effect could be clearly attributed to the macrophage. Vaccinia virus multiplied in PEC from normal animals while there was no virus propagation in cells from immunized mice. The release of adsorbed or engulfed virus was reduced significantly in PEC from immunized animals. Anti-vaccinia-antibodies seem to activate normal macrophages to increased virus clearance. This stimulating effect was demonstrable only in the IgG fraction of the antiserum.
The activity of macrophages from mice injected three times over a period of 14 days with vaccinia virus could be entirely blocked with anti-mouse-IgG, while PEC from mice injected one time six days previously were not inhibited
Integrable maps in 4D and modified Volterra lattices
In recent work, we presented the construction of a family of difference
equations associated with the Stieltjes continued fraction expansion of a
certain function on a hyperelliptic curve of genus . As well as proving that
each such discrete system is an integrable map in the Liouville sense, we also
showed it to be an algebraic completely integrable system. In the discrete
setting, the latter means that the generic level set of the invariants is an
affine part of an abelian variety, in this case the Jacobian of the
hyperelliptic curve, and each iteration of the map corresponds to a translation
by a fixed vector on the Jacobian. In addition, we demonstrated that, by
combining the discrete integrable dynamics with the flow of one of the
commuting Hamiltonian vector fields, these maps provide genus
algebro-geometric solutions of the infinite Volterra lattice, which justified
naming them Volterra maps, denoted .
The original motivation behind our work was the fact that, in the particular
case , we could recover an example of an integrable symplectic map in four
dimensions found by Gubbiotti, Joshi, Tran and Viallet, who classified
birational maps in 4D admitting two invariants (first integrals) with a
particular degree structure, by considering recurrences of fourth order with a
certain symmetry. Hence, in this particular case, the map yields
genus two solutions of the Volterra lattice. The purpose of this note is to
point out how two of the other 4D integrable maps obtained in the
classification of Gubbiotti et al. correspond to genus two solutions of two
different forms of the modified Volterra lattice, being related via a
Miura-type transformation to the Volterra map .
We dedicate this work to a dear friend and colleague, Decio Levi
Peculiar Features of the Velocity Field of OB Associations and the Spiral Structure of the Galaxy
Some of the peculiar features of the periodic velocity-field structure for OB
associations can be explained by using the model of Roberts and Hausman (1984),
in which the behavior of a system of dense clouds is considered in a perturbed
potential. The absence of statistically significant variations in the azimuthal
velocity across the Carina arm, probably, results from its sharp increase
behind the shock front, which is easily blurred by distance errors. The
existence of a shock wave in the spiral arms and, at the same time, the
virtually free motion of OB associations in epicycles can be reconciled in the
model of particle clouds with a mean free path of 0.2-2 kpc. The velocity field
of OB associations exhibits two appreciable nonrandom deviations from an ideal
spiral pattern: a 0.5-kpc displacement of the Cygnus- and Carina-arm fragments
from one another and a weakening of the Perseus arm in quadrant III. However,
the identified fragments of the Carina, Cygnus, and Perseus arms do not belong
to any of the known types of spurs.Comment: 14 pages, 3 postscript figures, to be published in Astronomy Letter
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