A Brief History of the Philippine Communist Movement

These chapters provide a snapshot of the history of the Philippines from 1850 to 1963 from the point of view of the Philippine communist movement. The papers trace the rise of Philippine communism as an offshoot of the economic development of the country, which began under the last half-century of Spanish colonial rule. It then narrates the changing composition of the communist movement as the Philippines embarks on a path of tremendous political revolution from Spanish, Revolutionary, American, Japanese colonial rule, then finally as a fledgling republic

Quasi-Judicial Mechanisms in Asian Production Networks: Archetypes for Emerging Market Strategy

Despite their predominance in developing countries, production networks vary enormously among countries and yet attempts to systematically compare their nature have been done very sporadically in the literature. Drawing on relational contract theory, this paper presents a novel framework for analyzing the differences in the ways production networks organize themselves in emerging markets by utilizing successful Asian organizational structures to illustrate strategy archetypes. The paper analyzes three different relational employment and outsourcing contract forms through which the lead firm in a production network can maintain a quasi-judicial role in resolving the contracting problems inherent in multi-firm transactions. The production network templates embodied by Korean chaebols, Japanese keiretsus and Taiwanese guanxi relationships use different explicit and implicit contractual arrangements to adjudicate interparty disputes internally and can serve as more appropriate benchmarks for firms operating in emerging markets as opposed to existing templates based on mainstream strategy theories generated in developed countries

Victim or Victimizer: Firm Responses to Government Corruption

What is the relationship between government corruption and firm performance? To address this question, I conduct a review of articles published in the leading management journals on government‐business interactions pertaining to rent‐seeking activities and integrate findings from the fields of international business, social issues in management, public organization, institutional change, and corporate political activity. I find that while much empirical work corroborates the earlier findings suggesting a corrosive impact of government corruption on firm performance in general, management research also points to the heterogeneous impact of government corruption on individual firm performance, driven by the strategic activities conducted by firms in response to corruption. I propose an integrative model of firm strategy vis‐à‐vis corruption that predicts the activity choice of the firm as predicated by its organizational structure, political resources, industry regulation, and surrounding political and social institutions

Divergent diffusion: Understanding the interaction between institutions, firms, networks and knowledge in the international adoption of technology

Why do certain technologies diffuse globally while others spread only within certain areas of the world? I analyze the uneven process of international technology diffusion by focusing on how institutions moderate the impact of firm, network, and knowledge characteristics on the adoption of technology. The study shows that better economic institutions lower transformation costs; that similarities across social institutions minimize transmission costs; and that effective political institutions reduce transaction costs for technology diffusion. The impact of each institution-type on the diffusion process is based on the relative weight of the three different knowledge dimensions embedded in the technology. Complex technologies are most affected by economic institutions; tacit technologies are most dependent on social institutions; and systemic technologies are most influenced by political institutions

Government efficiency and international technology adoption: The spread of electronic ticketing among airlines

Extending research on the institution-based view of international business strategy, this paper posits that the international adoption of technology among firms is distinct from its intra-national counterpart because this process is influenced by the efficiency of the government institutions where each firm is located. Low government efficiency delays investment in unknown technologies by increasing contracting hazards, environmental uncertainty and the difficulty of allocating potential returns; thus requiring greater experience on the part of firms when undertaking investment decisions. Furthermore, government inefficiency accentuates the relative significance of firm-specific drivers of technology adoption, but reverses the positive effect of industry competition in promoting technology adoption. I empirically investigate this phenomenon through hazard models analyzing the factors that affect the timing of the adoption of electronic ticketing by close to 180 airlines operating in 110 different countries. The results imply that government inefficiency in certain countries not only leads to slower technology penetration rates compared with their counterparts, but also exacerbates the technology gaps within countries by providing unwarranted advantages to firms that are already well entrenched

Looking for New Forms of Legitimacy in Asia

Through a rhetoric analysis of 776 projects from firms located in 22 Asian countries, the authors argue that companies are looking for new forms of legitimacy that cannot be completely explained using traditional management theories. The authors introduce political theory into the debate. First, this study proposes a three-approach model of legitimation: The first approach is based on the strategic rhetoric as a mechanism for achieving pragmatic legitimacy, the second one uses the institutional rhetoric for gaining cognitive legitimacy, and the third, the political approach, is one through which firms seek to obtain moral legitimacy. The political strategy is aimed at improving the discursive quality between corporations and their stakeholders. Second, since the motivation for differing legitimacy strategies should be understood within their institutional environment, the authors look for patterns within each strategy dependent on national, industry, and firm-specific characteristics

THE RHETORIC OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY: STRATEGIES OF LEGITIMIZATION AMONG ASIAN FIRMS.

Through a discourse analysis of more than 750 projects of Asian firms over 6 years we distinguish between two main Corporate Social Responsibility rhetoric: symbolic and managerial. Both types of rhetoric lead to different legitimacy strategies that mirror the paradoxes of managing sustainability projects and vary by firm characteristics

Looking for New Forms of Legitimacy in Asia

Through a rhetoric analysis of 776 projects from firms located in 22 Asian countries, the authors argue that companies are looking for new forms of legitimacy that cannot be completely explained using traditional management theories. The authors introduce political theory into the debate. First, this study proposes a three-approach model of legitimation: The first approach is based on the strategic rhetoric as a mechanism for achieving pragmatic legitimacy, the second one uses the institutional rhetoric for gaining cognitive legitimacy, and the third, the political approach, is one through which firms seek to obtain moral legitimacy. The political strategy is aimed at improving the discursive quality between corporations and their stakeholders. Second, since the motivation for differing legitimacy strategies should be understood within their institutional environment, the authors look for patterns within each strategy dependent on national, industry, and firm-specific characteristics

Looking for New Forms of Legitimacy in Asia

Through a rhetoric analysis of 776 projects from firms located in 22 Asian countries, the authors argue that companies are looking for new forms of legitimacy that cannot be completely explained using traditional management theories. The authors introduce political theory into the debate. First, this study proposes a three-approach model of legitimation: The first approach is based on the strategic rhetoric as a mechanism for achieving pragmatic legitimacy, the second one uses the institutional rhetoric for gaining cognitive legitimacy, and the third, the political approach, is one through which firms seek to obtain moral legitimacy. The political strategy is aimed at improving the discursive quality between corporations and their stakeholders. Second, since the motivation for differing legitimacy strategies should be understood within their institutional environment, the authors look for patterns within each strategy dependent on national, industry, and firm-specific characteristics

Élites et développement aux Philippines : un pari perdu ?

Une étude socio-économique des Philippines d’aujourd’hui par des spécialistes du pays. Following World War 2, the Philippines has failed to live up to expectation as an economic power and democratic base in the Pacific Region. This book analyses how the appropriation of political power by elites has stunted economic growth in the Philippines, leaving a large portion of the population in misery