Caracterización morfométrica de estructuras florales de Tagetes erecta L. y Tagetes patula L. (Asteraceae) utilizando análisis digital de imágenes y dimensión fractal

Tagetes erecta L. and Tagetes patula L. flowers have ornamental uses in Mexico, but also some industries used in the coloringof meat. The genus Tagetes presents species and varieties with different colors and shades in their flowers. Therefore a rapid andobjective form of distinction of these varieties would be useful for the industry. In this research was developed a method to distinguishand characterize the diversity in two varieties of the T. erecta and T. patula through the characterization of the floral structures,using techniques of digital image analysis and fractal analysis. Images of ligules and flower heads were captured and binarizedto produce images of separate objects (ligules and flower heads). The analysis of these images was performed by determiningdifferent morphometric parameters such as perimeter, projected area, maximum length, shape factor and compactness. Additionally,the boundary fractal dimension, perimeter fractal dimension and area fractal dimension were determined. The results showed that thefractal dimension and form factor were the parameters in petals and flower head with higher sensitivity to detect differences betweenand among varieties and so are proposed as suitable parameter to characterize floral structures.Las flores Tagetes erecta L. y Tagetes patula L. tienen usos ornamentales en México, y también algunas industrias las utilizan en lacoloración de carne. El género Tagetes presenta especies y variedades con diferentes colores y tonalidades en sus flores. Por lo que,una forma de distinción rápida y objetiva de estas variedades sería útil para la industria. En este trabajo se desarrolló un método paradistinguir y caracterizar la diversidad en dos variedades de T. erecta y T. patula a través de la caracterización de las estructuras florales,utilizando técnicas de análisis digital de imágenes y análisis fractal. Para esto, se capturaron imágenes de lígulas y capítulos florales, queposteriormente fueron binarizadas para obtener imágenes de objetos separados (lígulas y capítulos florales). El análisis de estas imágenesse realizó determinando diferentes parámetros morfométricos, tales como perímetro, área proyectada, longitud máxima, factor de formay compacidad. Adicionalmente, se determinó la dimensión fractal de contorno, de perímetro y de área. Los resultados mostraron quela dimensión fractal y el factor de forma son los parámetros que detectan con mayor sensibilidad las diferencias entre lígulas y entrecapítulos florales, por lo que se proponen como parámetro adecuados para caracterizar estructuras florales

Análisis de la deslignificación de bagazo de agave por organosol

En la industria de producción de tequila, se generan anualmente miles de toneladas anuales de bagazo de agave, en su mayoría de la especie Agave tequilana Weber, el cual es rico en moléculas lignocelulósicas. El presente trabajo describe los resultados obtenidos a partir de la extracción de las fracciones lignocelulósicas utilizando dos disolventes: etanol y ácido acético, al 40% (v/v), durante un tiempo de reacción de 5 h, empleando HCl al 0.1 % como catalizador a una temperatura de ebullición. Después de la cocción se separaron tres fracciones lignocelulósicas (fibra, pulpa y licor), con rendimientos de extracción del 60.77%, celulosa del 29.37% y lignina total en la pulpa del 60.02%, del proceso etanosolv, los grupos funcionales fueron determinados espectroscopía de infrarojo por transformada de Fourier. Por lo que a partir de los desechos de la industria tequilera se puede obtener productos de valor agregado, con posibles aplicaciones en la industria farmacéutica y de alimentos, entre otras.In tequila production industry, are generated annually thousands of tons of agave bagasse, most of the species tequilana Weber Agave, which is rich in lignocellulosic molecules. This work describes the results obtained from the extraction of lignocellulosic fractions using two solvents: ethanol and acetic acid 40% (v:v), for a reaction time of 5 h, using HCl as a catalyst 0.1% to a boiling temperature. After this stage were obtained three lignocellulosic fractions (fiber, pulp and liquor), with extraction yields of 60.77%, 29.37% cellulose and lignin total 60.02% pulp by the process etanosolv, functional groups were determined spectroscopy separated Fourier transform infrared. As far as waste from the tequila industry can obtain value-added products, with potential applications in the pharmaceutical and food industries, among others

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

MICROSTRUCTURAL CHANGES IN LUPINUS CAMPESTRIS SEED IN RESPONSE TO THREE THERMAL DEBITTERING TREATMENTS.

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jsfa.3735/abstrac

Morphometric characterization of floral structures Tagetes erecta L. and Tagetes patula L. (Asteraceae) using digital image analysis and fractal dimension

8 páginasLas flores Tagetes erecta L. y Tagetes patula L. tienen usos ornamentales en México, y también algunas industrias las utilizan en la coloración de carne. El género Tagetes presenta especies y variedades con diferentes colores y tonalidades en sus flores. Por lo que, una forma de distinción rápida y objetiva de estas variedades sería útil para la industria. En este trabajo se desarrolló un método para distinguir y caracterizar la diversidad en dos variedades de T. erecta y T. patula a través de la caracterización de las estructuras florales, utilizando técnicas de análisis digital de imágenes y análisis fractal. Para esto, se capturaron imágenes de lígulas y capítulos florales, que posteriormente fueron binarizadas para obtener imágenes de objetos separados (lígulas y capítulos florales). El análisis de estas imágenes se realizó determinando diferentes parámetros morfométricos, tales como perímetro, área proyectada, longitud máxima, factor de forma y compacidad. Adicionalmente, se determinó la dimensión fractal de contorno, de perímetro y de área. Los resultados mostraron que la dimensión fractal y el factor de forma son los parámetros que detectan con mayor sensibilidad las diferencias entre lígulas y entre capítulos florales, por lo que se proponen como parámetro adecuados para caracterizar estructuras florales

Prebiotic Potential of Agave angustifolia Haw Fructans with Different Degrees of Polymerization

Inulin-type fructans are the most studied prebiotic compounds because of their broad range of health benefits. In particular, plants of the Agave genus are rich in fructans. Agave-derived fructans have a branched structure with both β-(2→1) and β-(2→6) linked fructosyl chains attached to the sucrose start unit with a degree of polymerization (DP) of up to 80 fructose units. The objective of this work was to assess the prebiotic potential of three Agave angustifolia Haw fructan fractions (AFF) with different degrees of polymerization. The three fructan fractions were extracted from the agave stem by lixiviation and then purified by ultrafiltration and ion exchange chromatography: AFF1, AFF2 and AFF3 with high (3–60 fructose units), medium (2–40) and low (2–22) DP, respectively. The fructan profile was determined with high-performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD), which confirmed a branched fructan structure. Structural elucidation was performed by Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy. The AFF spectrum shows characteristic fructan bands. The prebiotic effect of these fractions was assessed in vitro through fermentation by Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus strains. Four growth patterns were observed. Some bacteria did not grow with any of the AFF, while other strains grew with only AFF3. Some bacteria grew according to the molecular weight of the AFF and some grew indistinctly with the three fructan fractions

Microwave-Assisted Extraction of β-Sitosterol: A by-Product from Agave angustifolia Haw Bagasse

β-sitosterol (BSS) and β-sitosterol glucoside (BSSG) were extracted from Agave angustifolia Haw bagasse using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). The quantification and characterization of BSS and BSSG were performed through high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). With an extraction time of 9 seconds using MAE, a higher amount of BSS (103.6 mg of β-sitosterol per gram of dry weight of extract) was obtained compared to BSSG (61.6 mg of β-sitosterol glucoside per gram of dry weight of extract). MAE emerges as a promising method for the efficient recovery of β-sitosterol (BSS) and β-sitosterol glucoside (BSSG) from A. angustifolia bagasse. This enriches scientific knowledge regarding phytochemical extraction and holds great potential for various industries, such as pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals. Additionally, by valorizing the by-products of the agave industry, this research contributes to the sustainable utilization of resources, aligning with the principles of green and circular economy practices

Microwave-Assisted Extraction of β-Sitosterol: A by-Product from Agave angustifolia Haw Bagasse

β-sitosterol (BSS) and β-sitosterol glucoside (BSSG) were extracted from Agave angustifolia Haw bagasse using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). The quantification and characterization of BSS and BSSG were performed through high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). With an extraction time of 9 seconds using MAE, a higher amount of BSS (103.6 mg of β-sitosterol per gram of dry weight of extract) was obtained compared to BSSG (61.6 mg of β-sitosterol glucoside per gram of dry weight of extract). MAE emerges as a promising method for the efficient recovery of β-sitosterol (BSS) and β-sitosterol glucoside (BSSG) from A. angustifolia bagasse. This enriches scientific knowledge regarding phytochemical extraction and holds great potential for various industries, such as pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals. Additionally, by valorizing the by-products of the agave industry, this research contributes to the sustainable utilization of resources, aligning with the principles of green and circular economy practices

Effects of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery: an international prospective cohort study an international prospective cohort study

We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4–7 days or ≥ 8 days of 1.25 (1.04–1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11–1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care. We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4–7 days or ≥ 8 days of 1.25 (1.04–1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11–1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care