Production rates of unaided kiss-squeaks (dark grey) and leaf kiss-squeaks (bright grey) at Cabang Panti during total observation hours per individual by (A) habituated (<i>N</i> = 5) and unhabituated orangutans (<i>N</i> = 7), and by (B) habituated (<i>N</i> = 5), semi-habituated (<i>N</i> = 3) and unhabituated orangutan (<i>N</i> = 4).

<p>Production rates of unaided kiss-squeaks (dark grey) and leaf kiss-squeaks (bright grey) at Cabang Panti during total observation hours per individual by (A) habituated (<i>N</i> = 5) and unhabituated orangutans (<i>N</i> = 7), and by (B) habituated (<i>N</i> = 5), semi-habituated (<i>N</i> = 3) and unhabituated orangutan (<i>N</i> = 4).</p

Mean maximum frequency (Hz) per orangutan age-sex class of the kiss-squeak unaided at Cabang Panti.

<p>Immature/adolescent, <i>N</i> = 6, <i>N</i>_calls = 149; Nulliparous female, <i>n</i> = 2, <i>N</i>_calls = 104; Parous female, <i>N</i> = 7, <i>N</i>_calls = 75; Unflanged male, <i>N</i> = 2, <i>N</i>_calls = 49; Flanged male, <i>N</i> = 4, <i>N</i>_calls = 337. Error bars: +2 s.e. *** p = 0.001.</p

Contributions of contextual layers to orang-utan Maxent model.

<p>Note: validation model values are the mean, min-max values from a 10 fold validation model ran with the same data in Maxent.</p

Overview maps of forest cover and orang-utan data points in combination with the orang-utan distribution and land use types.

<p>a) Remaining forest cover in 2010. The sample of 558 orang-utan points used to model habitat is shown. b) Concessions and protected areas in 2010, c) The modelled orang-utan spatial distribution. d) Orang-utan distribution and overlap with protected areas and concessions.</p

This figure shows the results of the jackknife procedure on the full Maxent model.

<p>This figure shows the results of the jackknife procedure on the full Maxent model.</p

Contextual layers used for the generation of the orang-utan distribution.

<p>Note: Layer correlations (Using ENMTools <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0049142#pone.0049142-Warren1" target="_blank">[84]</a>) were lower than 0.5 except for elevation with slope and rugosity. All three layers were maintained in the final analyses since they are of different importance for orang-utans.</p

Orang-utan distribution area in protected areas and concessions.

<p>Note: Areas in this Table are expressed in km². IOPP: industrial Oil Palm Plantation; ITP: Industrial Timber Plantation.</p><p>For Sabah data on oil palm plantations concessions were not available.</p