Interfaces da enfermagem no cuidado rural: revisão integrativa

Objective: to know the issues in evidence in rural nursing. Method: a six-stage integrative review. Data was collected from May to July 2017, in the SciELO, CUIDEN, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases, with “Rural nursing” as descriptor. The analysis used was qualitative with the construction of subsets and topics. Results: of the 30 articles analyzed, 32% addressed professional training; 25% collective health-related practices; 12% hospital care; 10% job satisfaction; 7% were dedicated to telehealth and 3% of the studies addressed the following topics: nurses' recruitment and permanence in rural areas, continuing education, and professional practice in urgency and emergency regulation centers. Conclusion: working in rural areas demands that nurses face particularities such as isolation, difficulty of access, diverse socioeconomic conditions and specific epidemiological profiles, which influence the professional practice, making it a challenge.Objetivo: conocer los temas en evidencia en la enfermería en el territorio rural. Método: revisión integradora compuesta por seis etapas. Los datos se recolectaron de mayo a junio de2017 en las bases de datos SciELO, CUIDEN, PubMed y ScienceDirect, con el siguiente descriptor: “Rural nursing”. El análisis empleado fue el cualitativo con la elaboración de subconjuntos y temas. Resultados: de los 30 artículos analizados, el 32% abordaron la formación profesional; el 25%, acciones relacionadas con la salud colectiva; el 12%, la atención hospitalaria; el 10%, la satisfacción en el trabajo; el 7% estaban dedicados a la telesalud y el 3% de los estudios trataron dos temas: reclutamiento y permanencia de las enfermeras en el Espacio rural, educación permanente y desempeño profesional en la central de regulación de urgencias y emergencias. Conclusión: para desempeñarse profesionalmente en el territorio rural, una enfermera debe hacer frente a diversas particularidades como el aislamiento, la dificultad de acceso, condiciones socioeconómicas diversas y perfiles epidemiológicos específicos, que influyen sobre la práctica profesional, factores que la convierten en un desafío.Objetivo: conhecer os temas em evidência na enfermagem no território rural. Método: revisão integrativa composta por seis etapas. Os dados foram coletados no período de maio a julho de 2017, nas bases SciELO, CUIDEN, PubMed, ScienceDirect, com o descritor “Rural nursing”. A análise utilizada foi qualitativa com a construção de subconjuntos e tópicos. Resultados: dos 30 artigos analisados 32% abordavam a formação profissional; 25% ações relacionadas a saúde coletiva; 12% assistência hospitalar; 10% a satisfação no trabalho; 7% dedicaram a telessaúde e 3% dos estudos trataram dos temas: recrutamento e permanência das Enfermeiras no Espaço rural, educação permanente e a atuação profissional em central de regulação de urgência e emergência. Conclusão: a atuação no território rural demanda à enfermeira enfrentar particularidades como isolamento, dificuldade de acesso, condições socioeconômicas diversas e perfis epidemiológicos específicos, que influenciam a prática profissional, o que a torna um desafio

Exposición involuntaria a material sexual en Internet: un anàlisis en la adolescencia y juventud

Voluntary use of the Internet for sexual purposes may not have negative consequences necessarily. However, involuntary exposure to sexual images on the Internet is common and may have implications for sexual development. Our objective was to assess the frequency with whom adolescents and youth could find illegal sexual material accidentally, as well as to analyze the differences by age and sex. Participants were 1,309 adolescents and youth from the Comunitat Valenciana (Spain), whose age ranged between 15 and 25 years (Mean = 20.1 , SO = 2.25). We used the Internet Sex Screening Test Delmonico (1997) which was validated in Spain by Ballester, Gil, Gómez & Gil (2010). About 15% of adolescents aged 15 years reported they had sought sexual material on the Internet and the percentage was 33% at 16 years. 27% of adolescents aged 15 years had found illegal sexual material on the network unintentionally. In the male subset, the percentages were 47% at 15 years, 28% at 20 years and 35% at the age of 25. lt is necessary to provide sexual education to our children, so that the negative effects of the involuntary exposure to sexual material may be as minor as possible.Aunque el uso voluntario de internet con fines sexuales no tiene por qué tener consecuencias negativas, la exposición involuntaria a imágenes sexuales en internet es frecuente y puede tener consecuencias para el desarrollo sexual. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar la frecuencia con que los adolescentes y jóvenes se encuentran ante material sexual ilegal involuntariamente y analizar las posibles diferencias en función de la edad y sexo. Los participantes fueron 1309 adolescentes y jóvenes de la Comunitat Valenciana. La edad se situó entre 15 y 25 años (Media=20.1, 01=2.25). Se utilizó el Internet Sex Screening Test de Delmonico (1997), validado en España por Ballester, Gil, Gómez y Gil (2010). Un 15% de adolescentes de 15 años reconocieron haber buscado material sexual en internet y el porcentaje a los 16 años fue del 33%. Un 27% de adolescentes de 15 años habían tropezado con material sexual ilegal en la red. En la submuestra masculina, los porcentajes llegaron a ser del 47% a los 15 años, del 28% a los 20 años y del 35% a los 25 años. Resulta necesario educar sexualmente a nuestros hijos para que los efectos negativos de la exposición involuntaria a material sexual sean lo menores posibles

Constraining dark matter late-time energy injection: decays and p-wave annihilations

We use the latest cosmic microwave background (CMB) observations to provide updated constraints on the dark matter lifetime as well as on p-wave suppressed annihilation cross sections in the 1 MeV to 1 TeV mass range. In contrast to scenarios with an s-wave dominated annihilation cross section, which mainly affect the CMB close to the last scattering surface, signatures associated with these scenarios essentially appear at low redshifts (z less than or similar to 50) when structure began to form, and thus manifest at lower multipoles in the CMB power spectrum. We use data from Planck, WMAP9, SPT and ACT, as well as Lyman-alpha measurements of the matter temperature at z similar to 4 to set a 95% confidence level lower bound on the dark matter lifetime of similar to 4 x 10(25) s for m(chi) = 100 MeV. This bound becomes lower by an order of magnitude at m(chi) = 1 TeV due to inefficient energy deposition into the inter-galactic medium. We also show that structure formation can enhance the effect of p-wave suppressed annihilation cross sections by many orders of magnitude with respect to the background cosmological rate, although even with this enhancement, CMB constraints are not yet strong enough to reach the thermal relic value of the cross section

Archaeometric Classification of Scattered Marble Fragments to Help the Reconstruction of Statues

A multi-technique approach combining petrographic, cathodoluminescence, and stable isotope analyses is commonly used in provenance studies of archaeological marbles. In the present paper, this characterization approach transcends provenance, and it is applied to the reconstruction of fragmented sculptures. The potential of this novel application of archaeometric measurements is illustrated with a case study consisting in 16 scattered marble fragments retrieved from a Roman villa (Els Munts) near Tarraco (presently Northeastern Spain). The samples were grouped taking into account their similarity in quantified parameters such as the cathodoluminescence color clusters and the stable carbon and oxygen isotopic ratios. The results permitted classification of the fragments into three groups corresponding to three different statues depicting Antinous (7 fragments), Minerva goddess (4 fragments), and an undetermined character (3 fragments). Two other fragments could not be ascribed to any particular statue. The archaeometric grouping provides arguments that can be used to confirm or refute archaeological hypotheses of statue reconstructions. © 2022 by the authors

¿Atendemos a la salud integral de los hijos? Análisis de hábitos básicos de salud en menores de 9 años

El entorno familiar es uno de los contextos de socialización más relevantes en el ámbito de la salud durante la primera infancia. Si bien han variado los patrones de morbimortalidad infantil y los factores de influencia, la influencia de los padres continúa siendo fundamental para la adquisición y mantenimiento de hábitos saludables. De esta forma, ante el aumento de los estilos de vida y las conductas poco saludables, resulta necesario profundizar en el análisis de la salud dentro del contexto familiar. Por ello, esta investigación analiza la realización de conductas de salud básicas en población infantil entre 4 y 8 años, a partir de la valoración de los padres. Para ello, 350 responsables familiares cumplimentaron el Cuestionario de Información, Actitudes y Comportamientos relacionados con la Salud-versión 1 (Ballester y Gil, 1999). Los resultados indican una prevalencia considerable de comportamientos poco saludables, como los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria, los trastornos del sueño o la salud psicológica (autoestima) que parece empeorar con la edad. Así, se revela la necesidad de profundizar en el estudio de los hábitos de salud de la primera infancia y de promover programas preventivos de atención temprana.Family environment is one of the most important socialization contexts related to health in childhood. Even though the morbidity and mortality trends among children and their influencing factors are different, the influence of parents is still essential to acquire and maintain healthy habits. In this way, if we consider the increase of unhealthy lifestyles and behaviors, dealing with health in family environment is required. Hence, this research analyzes some healthy behaviors among children ranging from 4 to 8 years old, reported by fathers and mothers. For this purpose, 350 parents fulfilled the Questionnaire of Information, Attitudes and Behaviors of health-1st version (Ballester & Gil, 1999). Our results reveal a considerable prevalence of unhealthy activities, such as eating behaviors, sleep disorders or problems in mental health (self-esteem) which seems to be worse in older children. Therefore, the need to improve the study of healthy habits among childhood is revealed, but also to promote earliest preventive programs.peerReviewe

El aprendizaje temprano de la violencia en el contexto familiar

La violencia infantil que parece incrementarse en las últimas décadas, supone una de las problemáticas más complejas durante la infancia y la adolescencia y el entorno familiar resulta determinante para su socialización. Por este motivo, mediante el Cuestionario de Información, Actitudes y Comportamientos relacionados con la Salud-versión 1, se analiza la presencia de conductas violentas realizadas por 350 padres de niños (entre 4 y 8 años) en la Comunidad Valenciana, así como algunas manifestaciones de violencia de sus hijos. En general, los resultados muestran la prevalencia de ciertas manifestaciones violentas en parte de los entornos familiares, como reconocer que el contexto familiar es violento, defender el castigo físico como un método educativo o tener dificultades para controlar las emociones en situaciones de conflicto. Según el género, se observan diferencias como que los niños superen a las niñas en su predilección por ver películas violentas, conducta que, además, aumenta con la edad. En general, nuestros resultados avalan la necesidad de realizar programas de detección precoz dirigidas a prevenir las conductas violentas en el hogar durante la primera y la segunda infancia, diferenciados por edad y también por género.Child violence, which seems to increase lately, is one of the most complex problems along childhood and adolescence and the family environment is essential for their socialization. For this purpose, through the Questionnaire of Information, Attitudes and Behaviors related to health-1st version (CIACS-1), the existence of violent behaviors which are developed by 350 parents of children (from 4 to 8 years) from Valencia Community is analyzed, as well as some violent behaviors which are carried out by their daughters and sons. In general, the results show the prevalence of certain violent behaviors in some family environments, such as admitting the violence in their family context, defending the physic punishment as educational method or having difficulties to control their emotions in family conflicts. Regarding gender, we notice differences such as boys exceed girls in their predilection for watching violent movies which increases when they become older. Globally, our results support the need of developing early detection programs to prevent violent behaviors in family along childhood, distinguishing age and gender.peerReviewe

Action Selection and Motor Decision Making: Insights from Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

In everyday life, goal-oriented motor behaviour relies on the estimation of the rewards/costs associated with alternative actions and on the appropriate selection of movements. Motor decision making is defined as the process by which a motor plan is chosen among a set of competing actions based on the expected value. In the present literature review we discuss evidence from transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) studies of motor control. We focus primarily on studies of action selection for instructed movements and motor decision making. In the first section, we delve into the usefulness of various TMS paradigms to characterise the contribution of motor areas and distributed brain networks to cued action selection. Then, we address the influence of motivational information (e.g., reward and biomechanical cost) in guiding action choices based on TMS findings. Finally, we conclude that TMS represents a powerful tool for elucidating the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying action choices in humans

Ocorrência de anticorpos anti-Toxoplasma gondii em caprinos de Pitanga, Paraná, Brasil

The aim of this study was to verify the prevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in sera from naturally infected milk-producing caprines using indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and modified agglutination test (MAT), determine specificity and sensibility of MAT and to evaluate the agreement of results between the tests. For this study, 282 caprine serum samples were collected from farms in the city of Pitanga, Paraná State, a region with a high pecuary of small ruminants. Prevalence found by IFA was of 44.68% and 23.05% by MAT. There was statistically significant difference (p=0.0086) in relation to the gender of animals, being females more seropositive. Sensitivity and specificity results for MAT were, respectively, 42.2% and 94.9%. By comparing results, a moderate agreement was observed (Kappa = 0.42). The high prevalence for the infection, associated to high titers found by IFA and clinical signs presented in the herds suggest toxoplasmosis as one of the causes of reproductive problems in caprines. Sensitivity and specificity results for MAT obtained in this study allow this test to be recommended as a confirmatory test for the caprine species.Objetivou-se verificar a prevalência de anticorpos anti-Toxoplasma gondii em soros de caprinos de produção leiteira naturalmente infectados utilizando os testes de imunofluorescência indireta (IFI) e o de aglutinação modificada (MAT), determinar a especificidade e a sensibilidade do MAT e avaliar a concordância dos resultados entre os testes. Para o estudo foram coletadas 282 amostras de soro caprino, de propriedades do município de Pitanga, Paraná, região com uma grande pecuária de pequenos ruminantes. A prevalência encontrada pela IFI foi de 44,68% e 23,05% pelo MAT. Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa (p=0,0086) em relação ao sexo dos animais, sendo que as fêmeas foram mais soropositivas. Os resultados de sensibilidade e especificidade para o MAT foram, respectivamente, 42,2% e 94,9%. Na comparação dos resultados foi observada uma concordância moderada (Kappa = 0,42). A alta prevalência da infecção, aliada aos altos títulos obtidos pela IFI e aos sinais clínicos presentes nos rebanhos sugere a toxoplasmose como uma possível causa de problemas reprodutivos em caprinos. Os resultados de sensibilidade e especificidade para o MAT obtidos neste estudo permitem recomendá-lo como teste confirmatório para a espécie caprina

LA DISCIPLINA Y EL RENDIMIENTO ESCOLAR DE LOS ESTUDIANTES DE EDUCACIÓN GENERAL BÁSICA EN LA UNIDAD EDUCATIVA CLUB ROTARIO DE PORTOVIEJO

La presente investigación trata sobre la disciplina y su incidencia en el rendimiento escolar en los niños y niña; teniendo como objetivo general el de elaborar una propuesta didáctica para mejorar la disciplina de los niños 6 y 7 Año de Educación General Básica de la Unidad Educativa Club Rotario de Portoviejo, por lo que se hace profunda revisión bibliográfica. La disciplina, se parte de su definición, funciones para conceptualizar la disciplina escolar; sus dimensiones e importancia, la relación de esta con la educación y el aprendizaje; así mismo de analiza la disciplina y el castigo y las estrategias para desarrollar el orden en el aula; y su influencia en el rendimiento escolar, poniendo énfasis en los factores intra y extraescolares del rendimiento, teniendo en cuenta los tipos y las formas de evaluación; aportando con el concepto que los estudiantes aprenden mejor cuando hay disciplina, por lo que se propone la aplicación de una estrategia para fortalecer la práctica de valores en la familia y de esta manera mejorar la disciplina de los estudiantes. La principal limitación que se encontró en el proceso investigativo es la opinión de los Docentes, quienes no tienen una actitud colaborativa debido a que posiblemente sus opiniones puedan ser utilizados en su contra. PALABRAS CLAVE: Disciplina; rendimiento; educación. THE DISCIPLINE AND THE SCHOOL PERFORMANCE OF BASIC GENERAL EDUCATION STUDENTS IN THE ROTARY CLUB OF PORTOVIEJO EDUCATIONAL UNIT ABSTRACT The present investigation deals with the discipline and its incidence in the scholastic performance in the boys and girl; having like general objective the one to elaborate a didactic proposal to improve the discipline of the children 6 and 7 Year of Basic General Education of the Educational Unit Rotary Club of Portoviejo, reason why a deep bibliographical revision is made. Discipline, part of its definition, functions to conceptualize school discipline; its dimensions and importance, its relation to education and learning; it also analyzes discipline and punishment and strategies to develop order in the classroom; and its influence on school performance, with emphasis on the intra- and extra-curricular factors of performance, taking into account the types and forms of evaluation; contributing with the concept that students learn better when there is discipline, so it is proposed the application of a strategy to strengthen the practice of values ​​in the family and thus improve the discipline of students. The main limitation that was found in the investigative process is the opinion of the teachers, who do not have a collaborative attitude because their opinions may possibly be used against them. KEYWORDS: Discipline; performance; education

Deep learning-based schemes for singularly perturbed convection-diffusion problems

Deep learning-based numerical schemes such as Physically Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have recently emerged as an alternative to classical numerical schemes for solving Partial Differential Equations (PDEs). They are very appealing at first sight because implementing vanilla versions of PINNs based on strong residual forms is easy, and neural networks offer very high approximation capabilities. However, when the PDE solutions are low regular, an expert insight is required to build deep learning formulations that do not incur in variational crimes. Optimization solvers are also significantly challenged, and can potentially spoil the final quality of the approximated solution due to the convergence to bad local minima, and bad generalization capabilities. In this paper, we present an exhaustive numerical study of the merits and limitations of these schemes when solutions exhibit low-regularity, and compare performance with respect to more benign cases when solutions are very smooth. As a support for our study, we consider singularly perturbed convection-diffusion problems where the regularity of solutions typically degrades as certain multiscale parameters go to zero