Postharvest application of phosphites reduces blue mold on 'Fuji' and 'Gala' apples

O mofo-azul (Penicillium expansum) é uma podridão pós-colheita comum em maçãs (Malus domestica). O uso de substâncias menos ofensivas ao ambiente, como o fosfito (ácido fosforoso), é uma das alternativas de controle dessa doença. Visou-se, então, a avaliar neste estudo a eficiência de fosfito-K (40% de P2O5 e 30% de K2O) e fosfito-CaB (10,7% de P2O5, 3,89% de Ca e 0,5% de B) no controle do mofo-azul em maçãs 'Fuji' e 'Gala'. Os testes foram delineados em blocos ao acaso com seis repetições de 20 frutos cada. Os frutos foram desinfestados em hipoclorito de Na (1%) por três minutos, lavados em água esterilizada, feridos (1mm de diâmetro e de profundidade) com agulha em quatro pontos eqüidistantes, imersos nos tratamentos por 15 minutos e armazenados a 15-20ºC. Nas suspensões contaminadas com Penicillium expansum (102 conídios.mL-1), foram adicionadas as seguintes substâncias: benomil (150 mg.L-1), fosfito-K (0,5 a 1,5 mL.L-1) e fosfito-CaB (1,5 a 3,0 mL.L-1). As maçãs 'Fuji' e 'Gala' imersas em água com fosfito-CaB (1,5 mL.L-1), fosfito-K (0,5-1,5 mL.L-1) ou benomil (150 mg.L-1) foram menos afetadas pelo mofo-azul. A aplicação de fosfito-K (1,5 mL.L-1) ou benomil (150 mg.L-1) nos frutos foi mais eficiente do que os demais tratamentos no controle do mofo-azul.Blue mold (Penicillium expansum) is a common postharvest disease of apples (Malus domestica). Applications of less hazardous substances to the environment, such as phosphite (phosphonic acid), is an alternative to the control of blue mold. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of phosphite-K (40% P2O5 and 30% K2O) and phosphite-CaB (10.7% P2O5, 3.89% Ca, and 0.5% B) for the control of blue mold on 'Fuji' and 'Gala' apples. Tests were designed in randomized blocks with six replications of 20 fruits. Fruits were decontaminated with Na hypochlorite (1%) for three minutes, washed with sterilized water, needle wounded (with a diameter and deepness of 1mm) in four equidistant points, dipped into treatments for 15 minutes, and then stored at 15-20ºC. The following substances were added in suspensions contaminated with Penicillium expansum (at the concentration of 1 x 102 conidia.mL-1): benomyl (at 150 mg.L-1), phosphite-K (from 0.5 to 1.5 mL.L-1) and phosphite-CaB (from 1.5 to 3.0 mL.L-1). 'Fuji' and 'Gala' apples dipped in water with phosphite-CaB (1.5 mL.L-1), phosphite-K (0.5-1.5 mL.L-1) or benomyl (150 mg.L-1) were less affected by the blue mold. Application of phosphite-K (1.5 mL.L-1) or benomyl were the most effective treatments to control the disease

ANÁLISE GEOGRÁFICA DAS CIRURGIAS DE CATARATA CONGÊNITA REALIZADAS PELO SUS NO BRASIL: COMPREENDENDO AS VARIAÇÕES REGIONAIS

INTRODUCTION: Congenital cataract, characterized by opacification of the lens from birth, is one of the main causes of visual impairment in children globally. Early intervention is crucial to prevent complications in visual development.  METHODS: This study analyzed the number of congenital cataract surgeries performed in Brazil between 2013 and September 2023, using data from DATASUS.  RESULTS: There were wide heterogeneity in the number of procedures performed in different regions of the country.The Southeast was the leading region in terms of number (873 surgeries), followed by the North (406), Northeast (459), Midwest (136) and South (131).  DISCUSSION: The Southeast, due to its population density and access to specialized professionals, leads in the number of procedures. The North and Northeast require further assistance and preventive measures. On the other hand, the South and Midwest had lower numbers of surgeries, which may indicate a reduced incidence of the condition or less use of the SUS for this service. CONCLUSION: The study reveals disparities in congenital cataract surgeries. The Southeast leads in procedures, while the North and Northeast face access challenges. The South and Midwest have lower demand, due to factors such as lower incidence or use of the private network.  In order to better understand these differences and optimize the allocation of resources, it is advisable to carry out more in-depth studies and improve the information on ophthalmology in DATASUS.INTRODUÇÃO: A catarata congênita, caracterizada pela opacificação do cristalino desde o nascimento, é uma das principais causas de deficiência visual em crianças globalmente. A intervenção precoce é crucial para prevenir complicações no desenvolvimento visual. MÉTODOS: Este estudo analisou a realização de cirurgias de catarata congênita no Brasil entre 2013 e  setembro de 2023, por meio de dados do DATASUS.  RESULTADOS: Houve ampla heterogeneidade na quantidade de procedimentos realizados em diferentes regiões do país. A Região Sudeste liderou em quantidade (873 cirurgias), seguida por Norte (406), Nordeste (459), Centro-Oeste (136) e Sul (131).  DISCUSSÃO: A Região Sudeste, devido à sua densidade populacional somado ao acesso a profissionais especializados, lidera em número de procedimentos. As Regiões Norte e Nordeste, necessitam de maior assistência e prevenção. Por outro lado, as Regiões Sul e Centro-Oeste apresentaram números menores de cirurgias, o que pode indicar uma incidência reduzida da condição ou menor uso do SUS para esse serviço. CONCLUSÃO: O estudo revela disparidades na realização de cirurgias de catarata congênita. A Região Sudeste lidera em procedimentos, enquanto Norte e Nordeste enfrentam desafios de acesso. Sul e Centro-Oeste têm menor demanda, devido a fatores como incidência mais baixa ou uso da rede privada.  A fim de entender melhor essas diferenças e otimizar a alocação de recursos, é aconselhável realizar estudos mais aprofundados e melhorar as informações sobre oftalmologia no DATASUS

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Dental fear and anxiety among children and their caregivers

Introduction: Dental treatment is an experience that elicits fear and anxiety in most people, and particularly in children. This fear is the first step to be overcome in the search for a satisfactory dentist-patient relationship. Aim: of this research was to assess fear and anxiety among children and their caregivers when faced with dental treatment and identify the main reasons behind these behaviors. Methodology: About 200 questionnaires consisting of nine multiple-choice questions and one open-ended question, to obtain additional information, were administered to male and female patients aged 4 to 13 years who were treated at a university pediatric dentistry clinic and to their respective caregivers. Results: show only one-third of children reported fear of the dentist. Pain, needles, and anesthesia were the main reasons behind their feelings of fear. Over 70% of interviewed children reported having experienced tooth pain at least once, which reinforces the importance of painful experiences as being associated with dental fear in a portion of these patients. Conclusion: that although dental fear was uncommon among caregivers, approximately one-third of children reported fear of the dentist, associated with perceived pain or needle phobia

Revista de Ciências Médicas e Biológicas

Abstract Introduction: Dental treatment is an experience that elicits fear and anxiety in most people, and particularly in children. This fear is the first step to be overcome in the search for a satisfactory dentist-patient relationship. Aim: of this research was to assess fear and anxiety among children and their caregivers when faced with dental treatment and identify the main reasons behind these behaviors. Methodology: About 200 questionnaires consisting of nine multiple-choice questions and one open-ended question, to obtain additional information, were administered to male and female patients aged 4 to 13 years who were treated at a university pediatric dentistry clinic and to their respective caregivers. Results: show only one-third of children reported fear of the dentist. Pain, needles, and anesthesia were the main reasons behind their feelings of fear. Over 70% of interviewed children reported having experienced tooth pain at least once, which reinforces the importance of painful experiences as being associated with dental fear in a portion of these patients. Conclusion: that although dental fear was uncommon among caregivers, approximately one-third of children reported fear of the dentist, associated with perceived pain or needle phobia. Key words: Dental Anxiety. Fear. Child. Questionnaires. Caregivers.Introdução: Tratamento dentário é uma experiência que provoca medo e ansiedade na maioria das pessoas, e em particular em crianças. Este medo é o primeiro passo a ser vencido na busca de uma relação dentista-paciente satisfatória. Objetivo: avaliar o medo e a ansiedade de crianças e seus respectivos cuidadores frente a um atendimento odontológico e identificar quais são os principais motivos que levam a esses tipos de comportamentos. Metodologia: Cerca de 200 questionários foram aplicados contendo 9 questões de escolha simples e 1 questão aberta de livre expressão, objetivando obter informações adicionais, em pacientes com idades entre 4 e 13 anos, de ambos os gêneros, que estavam em atendimento nas clínicas de odontopediatria da faculdade, assim como seus respectivos cuidadores. Resultados: mostram apenas 1/3 das crianças referem ter medo do cirurgião-dentista, sendo dor, agulha e anestesia os principais motivos desse sentimento de medo. Mais de 70% das crianças entrevistadas relatam já ter sentido dor de dente pelo menos uma vez, o que reforça a importância da experiência dolorosa vinculada ao medo do dentista de uma parcela destes pacientes. Conclusão: apesar do medo do dentista ser pouco frequente entre os cuidadores, aproximadamente 1/3 das crianças relatou o medo do cirurgião-dentista associado ao sentimento de dor ou à agulha.Salvado

Stroke and stroke mimics : a case of high-grade glioma

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