173 research outputs found
Food: An Unrecognized Source of Loop Diuretic Resistance
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/90131/1/phco.24.6.630.34736.pd
Does âHidden Undercuffingâ Occur Among Obese Patients? Effect of Arm Sizes and Other Predictors of the Difference Between Wrist and Upper Arm Blood Pressures
J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2010;12:82â88. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Arm size can affect the accuracy of blood pressure (BP) measurement, and âundercuffingâ of large upper arms is likely to be a growing problem. Therefore, the authors investigated the relationship between upper arm and wrist readings. Upper arm and wrist circumferences and BP were measured in 261 consecutive patients. Upper arm auscultation and wrist BP was measured in triplicate, rotating measurements every 30âseconds between sites. Upper arm BP was 131.9±20.6/71.6±12.6âmm Hg in an obese population (body mass index, 30.6±6.6âkg/m 2 ) with mean upper arm size of 30.7±5.1âcm. Wrist BP was higher (2.6±9.2âmm Hg and 4.9±6.6âmm Hg, respectively, P <.001); however, there was moderate concordance for the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC 7) strata (Îș value=0.27â0.71), and the difference was â„5âmm Hg in 72% of the patients. The authors conclude that there was poor concordance between arm and wrist BP measurement and found no evidence that âhidden undercuffingâ was associated with obesity; therefore, they do not support routine use of wrist BP measurements.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/78621/1/j.1751-7176.2009.00222.x.pd
Persistence of impaired vascular function despite an improved metabolic profile following three months of significant weight loss
Blood Pressure and Vascular Effects of Leptin in Humans
Background: Leptin may play a role in mediating obesity-related hypertension. However, its effects on the vasculature and blood pressure (BP) remain poorly defined in humans. Methods: In the first study, we performed a short-term, placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind, cross-over experiment investigating the actions of recombinant human leptin (r-metHuLeptin) in 15 nonobese adults. To compliment the acute study, we retrospectively analyzed available BP results from a previously performed 85âday, placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind, parallel weight-loss study using r-metHuLeptin in 284 obese adults. Results: In the acute study, conduit artery endothelial function determined by brachial flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) increased 2 hours following 0.2 mg · Kgâ1 subcutaneously (SC) of r-metHuLeptin versus placebo (+3.3% versus â2.8%, P = .02). BP remained unchanged 4 hours after injections. In the retrospective analysis of the weight loss study data, 10 mg every day before noon (QAM), 10 mg every day after noon (QPM), or 10 mg twice a day (BID) SC of r-metHuLeptin was found to not alter the degree of weight loss (â3.2 ± 3.7 versus â2.9 ± 3.2 Kg, P = .54), change in systolic (â1.6 + 12.9 versus â2.0 ± 13.9 mmHg, P = .85) and diastolic BP (â0.2 ± 8.7 versus â1.5 ± 8.6, P = .30), as well as heart rate (â1.4 ± 10.7 versus â1.4 ± 10.4 beats/min, P = .98) compared to placebo. Conclusions: In our acute study, marked hyperleptinemia rapidly enhanced endothelial function and did not alter BP. The available data from a longer-term study in healthy obese adults did not demonstrate a significant effect of hyperleptinemia upon BP. These combined findings do not support a direct role for leptin in linking obesity to hypertension, however more studies are required to corroborate these observations.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/63121/1/met.2006.0023.pd
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