Failed states and international trusteeship

Este capítulo dirime la pregunta de si la sociedad internacional tiene o debería tener alguna responsabilidad en lo que concierne las condiciones civiles internas de los países independientes. Algunos estados son una auténtica calamidad para sus poblaciones. Pero, ¿constituyen un problema normativo para las relaciones internacionales? ¿Quién es responsable de las condiciones internas inciviles y a menudo inseguras de lo que habitualmente denominamos estados fallidos? ¿Son responsables el gobierno y la sociedad de esos estados? ¿Es responsable la sociedad de estados? ¿Tienen cabida en la sociedad internacional contemporánea los fideicomisos o los protectorados internacionales?This chapter addresses the question whether international society has or should have any responsibility concerning the domestic civil conditions of independent countries. Some states clearly are a calamitous reality for their populations. But do they constitute a normative problem for international relations? Who is responsible of the uncivil and often unsafe domestic conditions of what are usually termed failed states? Are the government and citizens of those countries responsible? Is the society of states responsible? Is there any place for international trusteeships or protectorates in contemporary international society

Jesuits in Spanish America before the Suppression

From the late sixteenth century until their expulsion in 1767, members of the Society of Jesus played an important role in the urban life of Spanish America and as administrators of frontier missions. This study examines the organization of the Society of Jesus in Spanish America in large provinces, as well as the different urban institutions such as colegios and frontier missions. It outlines the spiritual and educational activities in cities. The Jesuits supported the royal initiative to evangelize indigenous populations on the frontiers, but the outcomes that did not always conform to expectations. One reason for this was the effect of diseases such as smallpox on the indigenous populations. Finally, it examines the 1767 expulsion of the Jesuits from Spanish territories. Some died before leaving the Americas or at sea. The majority reached Spain and were later shipped to exile in the Papal States. Readership: All interested in the history of colonial Spanish America, the role of the Catholic church in colonial Spanish America, and frontier missions. Anyone interested in historical demography. Keywords: Society of Jesus, education, Misión Popular, colegios, frontier missions, Guaraní, Sonora-Sinaloa, Chaco, Baja California, expulsion

Race/Caste and the Creation and Meaning of Identity in Colonial Spanish America

Tras un análisis de la historiografía reciente, se estudia el problema de la definición de raza y casta en la frontera de Sonora y Cochabamba. Se mantiene que la identidad racial ha sido históricamente mucho más subjetiva de lo que se ha supuesto. Consecuentemente, la categorización del sistema español de castas estaba más ligada a percepciones españolas abstractas que a realidades culturales y sociales