WILLS, TRUSTS, AND ADMINISTRATION OF ESTATES Laws Relating to Trusts

The Act reorganizes Georgia trust law and codifies many common law principles that were previously recognized in Georgia law, but had not been incorporated into statutory law. The Act recognizes the validity of spendthrift trusts, and makes the allocation of principal and income in trusts more consistent with national trust law

Senator Henry M. Jackson and the U.S.-Soviet detente

This thesis investigates important aspects of United States policy toward the Soviet Union through a close and critical examination of the views of Senator Henry M. Jackson, a Democrat from the state of Washington. Intellectually, the thesis considers the contents and interconnectedness of Jackson's ideas on U.S.-Soviet relations, places those ideas in the context of American diplomatic history, and evaluates the extent to which those ideas shaped U.S. policy toward the Soviet Union. Institutionally, the thesis examines how Jackson, as a member of the legislative branch, was able to influence profoundly the direction of such a critical international relationship. Chapters one through three introduce the ideological and institutional framework of American foreign policy, trace the intellectual development of Senator Jackson's and the Nixon Administration's views on the U.S.-Soviet relationship, and discuss Jackson's critical support of the Administration's early initiatives. Chapters four through eight then examine the Senator's defection from detente and his persistent efforts to redirect U.S. policy toward the Soviet Union, using arms control, trade, and human rights as vehicles for contrasting Jackson's views of U.S.-Soviet relations with those of three successive Administrations. As those five chapters show in detail, Jackson skillfully drew upon his deep understanding of the ideological traditions and institutional structure of American foreign policy to direct a remarkably sustained and successful application of Congress' foreign affairs powers. He succeeded not only in blocking detente but also in driving America's Soviet policy in a more confrontational direction -- both ideologically and geopolitically -- aimed at transforming Soviet foreign and domestic behavior

WILLS, TRUSTS, AND ADMINISTRATION OF ESTATES Laws Relating to Trusts

The Act reorganizes Georgia trust law and codifies many common law principles that were previously recognized in Georgia law, but had not been incorporated into statutory law. The Act recognizes the validity of spendthrift trusts, and makes the allocation of principal and income in trusts more consistent with national trust law

Letter to Philander Chase

Dow regrets that he could not see Chase but did not receive his letter in time. He notes that perhaps he should not have mentioned Chase\u27s opinions on emancipation to anyone in England, but assures him that he should not feel at war with his conscious as letting those people free would only make them miserable. He admits that this is a subject for conversation and not letters, but believes he may have some authority as he has spent any years living in a mixed society. Dow provides an update on the health of many of Chase\u27s friends and wishes him well in America.https://digital.kenyon.edu/chase_letters/1384/thumbnail.jp

Letter to Philander Chase

Dow has set out for Beaumaris and regrets that he will not be able to accompany Chase to Ireland but hopes that he may instead see him near Holihead.https://digital.kenyon.edu/chase_letters/1405/thumbnail.jp

Sine praejudicio? Economics and the 2014 Scottish independence referendum

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the contribution of expert economic opinion to the 2014 referendum campaigns on Scottish independence. We argue that the input from economics to both sides of the debate, as well as to independent analysis, was constrained by a mainstream economics framing. The result was a focus on calculable outcomes predicated on unchanging institutions and behaviour, and the question of currency arrangements that assumes the status quo is an optimal currency area. As the consequences of constitutional change for institutions and behaviour are uncertain, an equilibrium framework treats anything beyond calculable prediction as a shock, inducing fear of the unknown. In contrast, a political economy approach is tailored to analysing uncertain developments and encompassing the broader issues relating to values, democracy and power, and is thus better suited to the analysis of constitutional change

A novel role of Drosophila cytochrome P450-4e3 in permethrin insecticide tolerance

The exposure of insects to xenobiotics, such as insecticides, triggers a complex defence response necessary for survival. This response includes the induction of genes that encode key Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase detoxification enzymes. Drosophila melanogaster Malpighian (renal) tubules are critical organs in the detoxification and elimination of these foreign compounds, so the tubule response induced by dietary exposure to the insecticide permethrin was examined. We found that expression of the gene encoding Cytochrome P450-4e3 (Cyp4e3) is significantly up-regulated by Drosophila fed on permethrin and that manipulation of Cyp4e3 levels, specifically in the principal cells of the Malpighian tubules, impacts significantly on the survival of permethrin-fed flies. Both dietary exposure to permethrin and Cyp4e3 knockdown cause a significant elevation of oxidative stress-associated markers in the tubules, including H2O2 and lipid peroxidation byproduct, HNE (4-hydroxynonenal). Thus, Cyp4e3 may play an important role in regulating H2O2 levels in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) where it resides, and its absence triggers a JAK/STAT and NF-κB-mediated stress response, similar to that observed in cells under ER stress. This work increases our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of insecticide detoxification and provides further evidence of the oxidative stress responses induced by permethrin metabolism

The PAS domain-containing histidine kinase RpfS is a second sensor for the diffusible signal factor of <em>Xanthomonas campestris</em>

Summary: A cell-cell signalling system mediated by the fatty acid signal DSF controls the virulence of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) to plants. The synthesis and recognition of the DSF signal depends upon different Rpf proteins. DSF signal generation requires RpfF whereas signal perception and transduction depends upon the sensor RpfC and regulator RpfG. Detailed analyses of the regulatory roles of different Rpf proteins have suggested the occurrence of further sensors for DSF. Here we have used a mutagenesis approach coupled with high-resolution transcriptional analysis to identify XC_2579 (RpfS) as a second sensor for DSF in Xcc. RpfS is a complex sensor kinase predicted to have multiple Per/Arnt/Sim (PAS) domains, a histidine kinase domain and a C-terminal receiver (REC) domain. Isothermal calorimetry showed that DSF bound to the isolated N-terminal PAS domain with a Kd of 1.4μM. RpfS controlled expression of a sub-set of genes distinct from those controlled by RpfC to include genes involved in type IV secretion and chemotaxis. Mutation of XC_2579 was associated with a reduction in virulence of Xcc to Chinese Radish when assayed by leaf spraying but not by leaf inoculation, suggesting a role for RpfS-controlled factors in the epiphytic phase of the disease cycle.</p