High resolution studies of the electrical resistivity of single crystal noble metals at low temperatures

Imperial Users onl

An examination of dysfunctional behavior in Christian evangelical mission organizations and strategies for managing the consequences of dysfunctional behavior

This thesis presents an analysis of organizational factors influencing Consequence Management of Dysfunctional Behavior and develops a framework for use by organizations regarding how they can more effectively reduce the incidences and manage the consequences of Dysfunctional Behavior. Twenty-five (25) Christian Evangelical Mission Organizations (CEMOs), located in the United States of America, provided substantive resources for this study including: fifteen that provided responses to surveys, four that provided organizational documents for analysis, and forty-four persons from twenty-one organizations were interviewed for the purpose of defining Dysfunctional Behavior, identifying the consequences stemming from that Dysfunctional Behavior, and establishing the extent of strategies for managing the consequences of Dysfunctional Behavior. A Strategic Model Template (SMT) is presented for organizations to use as a means of identifying Dysfunctional Behavior and effectively conducting Consequence Management. To this end, several typologies (Dysfunctional Behavior, Consequences, Sources of Information, Severity of Dysfunctional Behavior, Severity of Consequences, and Rationale for Consequence Management) are presented together with a Consequence Management Matrix as necessary both to the development of the SMT and its implementation with Strategic Integrity. The discovery of The Constraining Triangle identifies the forces unique to CEMOs that work to prevent the effective application of Consequence Management. These forces are a result of CEMO history and traditions and CEMO theology and the theology of CEMO members

Labor and the Secondary Boycott

Advisedly has the boycott \u27 been characterized as a chameleon that is impossible of definition. Only the epithet secondary boycott has perhaps occasioned more intricate judicial gymnastics. Justice Steinert, writing for the Washington Supreme Court, has recently observed with perspicacity that the term \u27secondary boycott\u27 is of somewhat vague signification and has no precise and exclusive denotation. In the field of labor relations, as in other branches of the law, bench and bar have leaned on the comforting pillar of lump concept thinking which has more than once done yeoman\u27s service for judicial reasoning and analysis. Truly has there been more than one black-robed Humpty Dumpty whose use of the phrase secondary boycott has meant just what I choose it to mean—neither more nor less

ATG proteins mediate efferocytosis and suppress inflammation in mammary involution.

Involution is the process of post-lactational mammary gland regression to quiescence and it involves secretory epithelial cell death, stroma remodeling and gland repopulation by adipocytes. Though reportedly accompanying apoptosis, the role of autophagy in involution has not yet been determined. We now report that autophagy-related (ATG) proteins mediate dead cell clearance and suppress inflammation during mammary involution. In vivo, Becn1(+/-) and Atg7-deficient mammary epithelial cells (MECs) produced 'competent' apoptotic bodies, but were defective phagocytes in association with reduced expression of the MERTK and ITGB5 receptors, thus pointing to defective apoptotic body engulfment. Atg-deficient tissues exhibited higher levels of involution-associated inflammation, which could be indicative of a tumor-modulating microenvironment, and developed ductal ectasia, a manifestation of deregulated post-involution gland remodeling. In vitro, ATG (BECN1 or ATG7) knockdown compromised MEC-mediated apoptotic body clearance in association with decreased RAC1 activation, thus confirming that, in addition to the defective phagocytic processing reported by other studies, ATG protein defects also impair dead cell engulfment. Using two different mouse models with mammary gland-associated Atg deficiencies, our studies shed light on the essential role of ATG proteins in MEC-mediated efferocytosis during mammary involution and provide novel insights into this important developmental process. This work also raises the possibility that a regulatory feedback loop exists, by which the efficacy of phagocytic cargo processing in turn regulates the rate of engulfment and ultimately determines the kinetics of phagocytosis and dead cell clearance

The Influence of Surface Finish and Build Orientation on the Low Cycle Fatigue Behaviour of Laser Powder Bed Fused Stainless Steel 316L

Additive manufacturing (AM) processes are currently under consideration for marine based components, predominantly due to the numerous benefits that the techniques have to offer over more conventional manufacturing routes. However, there are multiple engineering challenges and questions associated with the introduction of AM based parts into safety critical applications related to the mechanical behaviour of such components. One of the main factors influencing the cyclic performance of a component is the surface finish. As-built AM parts typically exhibit a rough surface owing to partially melted powder being present at the surface and the layer-by-layer nature of the AM process, which together will likely hinder the fatigue response of the component. This behaviour is further influenced by the build orientation of the AM component, with alternative orientations providing a different surface profile alongside a contrasting microstructural morphology. Therefore, alternative finishing methods have been explored to maximise the fatigue performance of components whilst also considering cost and time. This research will explore the low cycle fatigue (LCF) behaviour of laser powder bed fused (LPBF) stainless steel 316L (SS316LN) built in two principal orientations (vertical (90°) and diagonal (45°)) and subsequently subjected to several post-manufacture finishing processes in order to identify the optimal finish for mechanical performance. The mechanical results are supported by microstructural, fractographic and advanced surface profilometry assessments, which have revealed that surface roughness can not be considered alone to be the controlling influence on LCF behaviour. An as-built surface finish will inherently provide a greater number of surface breaking stress raisers, however, a novel mass finishing polishing procedure has been found to produce a similar effective stress concentration factor compared to conventional longitudinal polishing, offering a more viable and less time consuming alternative. Several other key factors must also be considered when assessing the fatigue performance of LPBF built materials, including build direction and the resulting grain orientation, density of the additive structure and the material's sensitivity to the presence of notched features at the surface. Finally, the generated mechanical data has also been interpreted through empirical modelling, and the various data sets have been successfully correlated to enable longer fatigue life predictions

Derivation of material properties using small punch and shear punch test methods

The Small Punch (SP) and Shear Punch (ShP) tests are well established mechanical test approaches that have found application in several industrial sectors for material ranking and mechanical property estimation, particularly where more conventional approaches are inhibited. Despite the advantages that the two test methodologies have to offer, the main drawback is the complex understanding of the mechanical data generated from the experiments and how it can be correlated to more recognised properties. Typically, the most desired properties relate to the uniaxial properties of yield stress, ultimate tensile strength and ductility, but to date, there is no single robust and overarching approach for correlating such properties for a wide array of metallic materials that exhibit varying levels of ductility. This paper will for the first time directly compare properties obtained from a series of uniaxial tensile, SP and ShP tests across several metallic materials, and look to establish and correlate equivalent properties across the different test types. The materials investigated range from commercially pure entities to more advanced alloy systems. The generated results, empirical relationships and numerical simulations will inform which materials can be correlated across the different test regimes, and identify why the relationship in certain materials breaks down

Concurrent Sessions A: Passage Effectiveness Monitoring in Small Streams II - An Evaluation of the Stream Simulation Culvert Design Method in Washington State

Over the past decade, stream simulation has become the standard for culvert design in Washington State and in many other states and countries. Stream simulation culverts are based on the assumption that the geologic and hydraulic conditions in natural channels define passage requirements for migrating fish in a given stream and that water crossing structures that imitate these conditions can then achieve those same passage requirements. In early stages of development during the late 1990s, the design method contained various assumptions about how to effectively imitate the channel environment, such as the relationship between the culvert width and the natural channel width. In 2003, a preliminary effectiveness study was done on 19 culverts to explore the veracity of these assumptions. This study expands the initial effort to 50 culverts and includes refined methods and analysis comparing hydraulic characteristics based on cross sections, profile variation, and bed texture between each culvert and its paired reference reach situated in an adjacent section of the natural channel of each stream. Taken as a group, these culverts simulate bed texture, 100-year recurrence interval flood velocity and 2-year flood width, but do not simulate thalweg complexity or other hydraulic metrics. Culvert span, relative to the bank full width of the stream, does not by itself determine whether the culvert simulates the reference reach. Of the 50 culverts, many of which experienced record floods, only one experienced significant bed degradation