Energy Future and International Trade

The combined production of conventional energy sources – oil, natural gas, coal, and nuclear – in the United States is unlikely to increase substantially over the next 10 years. Thus, the United States must use its energy more efficiently in order to achieve its goal of maintaining satisfactory economic growth while reducing oil imports. But regardless of the U.S. picture, international trade in energy will continue to dominate the international business picture. Over the past 10 years, energy trade and resulting indirect trade effects have grown to account for about half of world trade; in turn, world trade has passed foreign direct investment in value. In the future, energy trade will be even more heavily influenced by government involvement. These trends have significance for the direction of international business research.© 1981 JIBS. Journal of International Business Studies (1981) 12, 23–28

Competition Encountered by U.S. Companies That Manufacture Abroada

This article reports that data from a variety of sources indicate that U.S. companies manufacturing abroad face non-U.S. competitors that are both larger and growing faster than their U.S. counterparts.© 1977 JIBS. Journal of International Business Studies (1977) 8, 33–44

The Neotechnology Account of International Trade: The Case of Petrochemicals*

Since the publication of the Leontief paradox in 1953, there has been a proliferation of theories and studies intended to provide a better explanation of observed trade patterns than does the traditional factor proportions theory.11These are summarized in G. C. Hufbauer, “The Impact of National Characteristics and Technology on the Commodity Composition of Trade in Manufacturing Goods.” in The Technology Factor in International Trade, ed. by Raymond Vernon (New York: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1970), pp. 145-232.© 1971 JIBS. Journal of International Business Studies (1971) 2, 41–60