Probing Proton Strangeness with Time-Like Virtual Compton Scattering

We document that p(gamma,e+e-)p measurements will yield new, important information about the off-shell time-like nucleon form factors, especially in the phi meson region (q^2 = M^2_{phi}) governing the phi N couplings g^{V,T}_{\phi N N}. Calculations for p(gamma,e+e-)p, utilizing vector meson dominance, predict measurable phi enhancements at high |t| compared to the expected phi background production from pi, eta and Pomeron exchange. The phi form factor contribution generates a novel experimental signature for OZI violation and the proton strangeness content. The phi N couplings are determined independently from a combined analysis of the neutron electric form factor and recent high |t| phi photoproduction. The pi, eta and Pomeron transition form factors are also predicted and the observed pi and eta transition moments are reproduced.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figure

Can Emerald Ash Borer, \u3ci\u3eAgrilus Planipennis\u3c/i\u3e (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), Emerge From Logs Two Summers After Infested Trees Are Cut?

Emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), is a serious invasive pest of ash trees (Fraxinus spp.) in North America. Much of EAB’s range expansion has been attributed to human-assisted movement of infested items such as ash logs and firewood. It is unclear the amount of time that logs cut from live EAB-infested ash trees should be restricted from movement until they are no longer capable of producing viable EAB adults. In March and April 2004, we cut log sections from EAB-infested green ash (F. pennsylvanica Marsh) trees in Ann Arbor, Washtenaw County, Michigan. Log sections (mean length = 24.8 cm; diam. = 11.6 cm) were stood upright on one cut end and stored beneath a hardwood forest canopy. Adult EAB were allowed to freely emerge from log sections during summer 2004. When logs were dissected in November 2004 to January 2005, approximately one half of the total EAB life stages that were present in the logs were dead, while the other half either emerged as adults in summer 2004 or were live prepupae. Also, adults emerged from a subset of these log sections when reared in the laboratory in January to February 2005. These data suggest that EAB adults can emerge from logs for two successive emergence periods after infested ash trees have been cut

Efficacy of Three Insecticides Applied to Bark to Control \u3ci\u3eAgrilus Planipennis\u3c/i\u3e (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)

Emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), is a serious exotic pest of ash (Fraxinus) trees in North America. In 2003 and 2004, we tested the efficacy of different insecticides sprayed on the bark of cut ash logs for killing emerging EAB adults. Logs (means: length = 30 cm; diam. = 16 cm) were cut from infested ash trees and treated prior to adult emergence. In 2003, we applied imidacloprid at 2 times its label rate to logs 5 days before adults began emerging from logs stored indoors. No adults successfully emerged from the imidacloprid treated logs, while an average of 108 adults per m2 emerged from untreated control logs. In 2004, we tested perme- thrin and bifenthrin at their label rates, and imidacloprid at its label rate and at 2 times its label rate. Logs (means: length = 25 cm; diam. = 12 cm) infested with EAB and stored outdoors were sprayed once or twice 4-5 wk prior to adult emergence; or once or twice 1-2 wk prior to adult emergence. Overall, mean percent adult mortality was higher for treated logs (90% mortality) compared to control logs (17%). Logs that received two applications had significantly higher mean percent mortality compared with logs that received one application. There was no significant difference in percent adult mortality among the three chemicals tested or between timing of application. In conclusion, permethrin, imidacloprid and bifenthrin were very effective at killing adult EAB emerging from cut logs, and were most effective when applied twice 1-5 wk prior to initial adult emergence

Sensorless Battery Internal Temperature Estimation using a Kalman Filter with Impedance Measurement

This study presents a method of estimating battery cell core and surface temperature using a thermal model coupled with electrical impedance measurement, rather than using direct surface temperature measurements. This is advantageous over previous methods of estimating temperature from impedance, which only estimate the average internal temperature. The performance of the method is demonstrated experimentally on a 2.3 Ah lithium-ion iron phosphate cell fitted with surface and core thermocouples for validation. An extended Kalman filter, consisting of a reduced order thermal model coupled with current, voltage and impedance measurements, is shown to accurately predict core and surface temperatures for a current excitation profile based on a vehicle drive cycle. A dual extended Kalman filter (DEKF) based on the same thermal model and impedance measurement input is capable of estimating the convection coefficient at the cell surface when the latter is unknown. The performance of the DEKF using impedance as the measurement input is comparable to an equivalent dual Kalman filter using a conventional surface temperature sensor as measurement input.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 201

Effects of Changes in Surface Water Regime and/or Land Use on the Vertical Distribution of Water Available for Wetland Vegetation: Dynamic Model of the Zone of Aeration (Part 1 of Completion Report for Project A-023-ARK)

A mathematical model by Green, simulating one-dimensional vertical ground-water movement in unsaturated soils of the prairie region of Kansas, has been adapted for use in a wetlands environment typified by the wetlands forest of Eastern Arkansas. The model consists of two second-order, non-linear, partial differential equations and an algorithm for their numerical solution. The original model was extended to include functions for seasonal changes in transpiration and for drainage of excess precipitation. Before the addition of the two functions, the model reliability was limited to one growth season

Mechanical characterization of solution-derived nanoparticle silver ink thin films

Mechanical properties of sintered silver nanoparticles are investigated via substrate curvature and nanoindentation methods. Substrate curvature measurements reveal that permanent microstructural changes occur during initial heating while subsequent annealing results in nearly elastic behavior of the thinner films. Thicker films were found to crack upon thermal treatment. The coefficient of thermal expansion was determined from linear slopes of curvature curves to be 1.9±0.097 ppm/°C, with elastic modulus and hardness determined via nanoindentation. Accounting for substrate effects, nanoindentation hardness and modulus remained constant for different film thicknesses and did not appear to be a function of annealing conditions. Hardness of 0.91 GPa and modulus of 110 GPa are somewhat lower than expected for a continuous nanocrystalline silver film, most likely due to porosity