Prevalence of Obesity Among Mentally Retarded Adults

The prevalence of obesity was determined for 1,152 mentally retarded subjects from four settings. The findings confirmed that obesity was a prevalent condition, with more females than males obese and more mildly to moderately retarded individuals than severely to profoundly retarded persons obese. The prevalence of obesity was also observed to increase generally with age in this sample, although not in a direct linear fashion

Enhancing the Incidental Learning of EMR Children

Type I incidental learning of mentally retarded children was investigated. Four orienting-instruction conditions and two tasks (two and three dimensions) were used. One orienting-instruction condition was found to be superior for enhancing incidental learning. This task-specific strategy continued to produce the best incidental learning during a 24-hour follow-up session. The results were discussed in terms of recent memory models. Directions for future research were delineated

Appropriate Classification of Obesity in Mentally Retarded Adults

Triceps skinfold thickness and body weight measures were obtained for 44 female and 40 male mentally retarded adults participating in a sheltered workshop setting. Subiects\u27 relative weights and skinfold thicknesses were found to correlate reasonably well for females and males, rs = .88 and .59, respectively. Use of only height and weight tables for determining the presence of obesity, however, resulted in 22.5 percent of the males and 13 .7 percent of the females being misclassified as nonobese. The distinction between overweight and obesity was discussed. Clinical/research implications of the findings were delineated

Behavioral Treatment Approaches to Obesity: Successes with the Nonretarded and Retarded

This article discusses the successful use of behavioral approaches, which have been adopted from research with non-retarded individuals, to the treatment of obese retarded individuals. The first section delineates a variety of approaches with non-retarded obese individuals whereas the second section summarizes the efficacy of these approaches with the obese retarded. The last section discusses practical and future research implications

Multicomponent Behavioral Program for Achieving Weight Loss in Adult Mentally Retarded Persons

Only minimal attention has been directed towards demonstrating the effectiveness of behavioral approaches to weight control with mentally retarded individuals (Foreyt & Parks, 1975; Foxx, 1972; Staugatis, 1978). The paucity of research in this area is unfortunate because the association between intelligence and obesity is high and negative (Krege, Zelina, Juhas & Garbara, 1947). The purpose of the present study was to assess whether a multicomponent behavioral weight reduction treatment program could produce and maintain weight loss overweight formerly institutionalized adult retarded individuals residing in a community-living facility

Eating Behavior of Obese and Nonobese Retarded Adults

An obese group and a nonobese group of moderately mentally retarded adults were identified through use of body weight and tricep skinfold thickness measures. Subjects were observed individually in a sheltered workshop cafeteria during their normal lunch period. A variety of eating behavior measureswere obtained. Results indicated that the obese retarded subjects did not differ from their nonobese peers in eating rate, total meal time, or caloric intake. Large variability was observed in the measures for both groups. Implications of these data for behavioral treatments of obesity and the need for alternative explanations of an obese condition were discussed

Obesity of Mentally Retarded Individuals: Prevalence, Characteristics, and Intervention

Research on the prevalence, characteristics, and treatment of obesity of mentally retarded individuals within the context of research findings with the obese nonretarded population was selectively reviewed. According to the available literature, obesity is a prevalent problem in the retarded population, and there is a greater incidence among females than males. The literature also suggests that obese retarded subjects as a group can be distinguished from their nonobese peers by their physical condition, but not by their eating style or personality characteristics. Behavioral self-control strategies have been found to be effective in producing weight loss in obese retarded children and adults. Further research is needed to reduce the high interindividual variability observed in treatment outcome studies and to address problems of long-term maintenance of weight loss

Comments on the Common Market

We have before us a subject that is more economic than legal. The important questions about that subject are more political than legal. Into such realms I venture only most warily. I find interesting Dennis Thompson\u27s portrayal of the Common Market as the only body in Europe that really matters. His characterization is as apt as it is pithy and, indeed, pertinent for his countrymen\u27s consideration at this moment of economic and electoral decision. And it seems to me that we should ask: why is the Economic Community the only body that matters ? It matters, I think, because it is the only European international organization that is dynamic—dynamic, not in its own institutional sense of accomplishment and activity, but dynamic as felt in the minds of ordinary people in Europe who perceive that it can affect their daily lives and their common future. The consultative organs, the partial free-trade area of the European Free Trade Association, the military instrument of N.A.T.O.—however well their officials and their member governments may think these bodies are fulfilling their purposes—do not impinge upon the lives of people, do not evoke grass-roots support and even emotion, do not hold promise for the citizen, as does the Common Market

Interpretive Rules, Policy Statements, Guidances, Manuals, and the Like—Should Federal Agencies Use Them to Bind the Public?

With one exception, the answer to the question in the title is no. To use such nonlegislative documents to bind the public violates the Administrative Procedure Act (APA) and dishonors our system of limited government. This is true whether the agency attempts to bind the public as a legal matter or as a practical matter