6 research outputs found
Evaluation of mechanisms of colistin resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infection in ICU
Background and Objectives: One of the major causes of urinary tract infections is Klebsiella pneumoniae. Currently, few
studies investigated the mechanisms of resistance to colistin in Iran. The current study aimed to determine the prevalence of
plasmid and chromosome-mediated resistance to colistin in K. pneumoniae isolates.
Materials and Methods: 177 urine samples were collected from patients with urinary tract infections hospitalized in the
intensive care unit (ICU) of hospitals in the city of Qazvin. K. pneumoniae isolates were identified by standard biochemical
methods, resistance to colistin among K. pneumoniae isolates were tested by disk diffusion and microbroth dilution methods.
The chromosomal mutation and presence of the mcr genes in colistin-resistant K. pneumoniae were evaluated by PCR.
Results: Out of 177 samples, 65 K. pneumoniae were obtained from patients in the ICU. Six colistin-resistant isolates were
isolated with MIC values ≥4 μg/mL, none of them was positive for mcr1-5. In 4 isolates, missense mutation in mgrB gene
resulted in amino acid substitutions and in one isolate of mgrB gene was found intact mgrB gene.
Conclusion: The results suggest that mgrB mutation was the main mutation among colistin-resistant isolates and plasmid-borne colistin resistance was not expanded among strains
Phenotypic Identification and Genotypic Characterization of Plasmid‑Mediated AmpC β‑Lactamase‑Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates in Iran
One of the mechanisms of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli resistance to β-lactam antibiotics is the production of
β-lactamase enzymes. Among these are the AmpC β-lactamases, which confer resistance to a class of antibiotics. However,
little is known about the AmpC β-lactamases of K. pneumoniae and E. coli clinical isolates in Qazvin, Iran. This study was
designed to assess the AmpC β-lactamases-producing strains and also identify the prevalence of AmpC β-lactamases genes.
Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed on 435 K. pneumoniae and E. coli isolates using disk difusion technique.
Plasmid-mediated AmpC genes were studied using a multiplex PCR assay. The AmpC β-lactamase-producer isolates were
studied by employing cefoxitin disk difusion test, AmpC induction test, AmpC cefoxitin-EDTA test, and boronic acid
disk test. Our results showed that of 46 (18.4%) cefoxitin-insensitive E. coli isolates, 10 (21.7%) were positive for AmpC
β-lactamase genes, among them 4 (8.69%) isolates were positive for blaDHA genes and 6 (13%) for blaCIT genes. Of 57 (30.4%)
cefoxitin-insensitive K. pneumoniae isolates, 10 (17.5%) were positive for AmpC gene with 4 (6.34%) and 6 (9.5%) isolates
positive for blaDHA and blaCIT genes, respectively. However, no MOX, ACC, FOX, or EBC genes were detected in the isolates.
Considering the results of diferent confrmatory phenotypic tests, the AmpC cefoxitin-EDTA test showed a higher discriminatory power for detecting AmpC β-lactamase-producing strains. The specifcity and sensitivity of AmpC cefoxitin-EDTA
were 77%, 100% for K. pneumonia and 70%, 90% for E. coli higher than the other two tests, respectively. Also, the authors
demonstrated high prevalence rate for resistance to certain antibiotics, such as cefuroxime, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole,
ampicillin, and cefotaxime. In conclusion, our study provided valuable information regarding the plasmid-mediated AmpC
β-lactamase gene content, antibiotic resistance, and confrmatory phenotypic tests for AmpC β-lactamases in E. coli and K.
pneumoniae isolates from clinical sources
Molecular mechanisms and prevalence of colistin resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae in the Middle East region: A review over the last 5 years
The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae is a serious clinical and public health problem, and colistin is the last-resort treatment option for MDR infections. However, resistance to colistin has been increasingly reported in the world, such as the Middle East region, where antibiotics are used more in the human and agriculture industry. In this paper, we review the available data on the molecular mechanisms and prevalence of colistin resistance of K. pneumoniae in the Middle East over the last 5 years. To the best of our knowledge, 590 colistin-resistant K. pneumoniae isolates were reported from six countries, including Turkey (438), Iran (86), Saudi Arabia (24), United Arab Emirates (31), Kuwait (5), Israel (3) and Lebanon (3), between 2013 and 2018. However, there has been no reports about colistin resistance among K. pneumoniae isolates in Iraq, Yemen, Syria, Jordan, Palestine, Oman, Qatar, Bahrain and Cyprus. Moreover, it seems that mutations and insertion sequence transpositions in the mgrB gene were the most common colistin resistance mechanisms among K. pneumoniae in the Middle East region, which is similar to other parts of the world
Molecular mechanisms and prevalence of colistin resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae in the Middle East region: A review over the last 5 years
The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae is a serious clinical
and public health problem, and colistin is the last-resort treatment option for MDR infections. However,
resistance to colistin has been increasingly reported in the world, such as the Middle East region, where
antibiotics are used more in the human and agriculture industry. In this paper, we review the available
data on the molecular mechanisms and prevalence of colistin resistance of K. pneumoniae in the Middle
East over the last 5 years. To the best of our knowledge, 590 colistin-resistant K. pneumoniae isolates
were reported from six countries, including Turkey (438), Iran (86), Saudi Arabia (24), United Arab
Emirates (31), Kuwait (5), Israel (3) and Lebanon (3), between 2013 and 2018. However, there has been no
reports about colistin resistance among K. pneumoniae isolates in Iraq, Yemen, Syria, Jordan, Palestine,
Oman, Qatar, Bahrain and Cyprus. Moreover, it seems that mutations and insertion sequence
transpositions in the mgrB gene were the most common colistin resistance mechanisms among K.
pneumoniae in the Middle East region, which is similar to other parts of the world
Phenotypic Identification and Genotypic Characterization of Plasmid-Mediated AmpC beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates in Iran
One of the mechanisms of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli resistance to β-lactam
antibiotics is the production of β-lactamase enzymes. Among these are the AmpC β-lactamases,
which confer resistance to a class of antibiotics. However, little is known about the AmpC βlactamases of K. pneumoniae and E. coli clinical isolates in Qazvin, Iran. This study was designed
to assess the AmpC β-lactamases-producing strains and also identify the prevalence
of AmpC β-lactamases genes. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed on 435 K.
pneumoniae and E. coli isolates using disk diffusion technique. Plasmid-mediated AmpC genes
were studied using a multiplex PCR assay. The AmpC β-lactamase-producer isolates were studied
by employing cefoxitin disk diffusion test, AmpC induction test, AmpC cefoxitin-EDTA test, and
boronic acid disk test. Our results showed that of 46 (18.4%) cefoxitin-insensitive E. coli isolates,
10 (21.7%) were positive for AmpC β-lactamase genes, among them 4 (8.69%) isolates were
positive for blaDHA genes and 6 (13%) for blaCIT genes. Of 57 (30.4%) cefoxitin-insensitive K.
pneumoniae isolates, 10 (17.5%) were positive for AmpC gene with 4 (6.34%) and 6 (9.5%)
isolates positive for blaDHA and blaCIT genes, respectively. However, no MOX, ACC, FOX,
or EBC genes were detected in the isolates. Considering the results of different confirmatory
phenotypic tests, the AmpC cefoxitin-EDTA test showed a higher discriminatory power for
detecting AmpC β-lactamase-producing strains. The specificity and sensitivity of AmpC cefoxitinEDTA were 77%, 100% for K. pneumonia and 70%, 90% for E. coli higher than the other two
tests, respectively. Also, the authors demonstrated high prevalence rate for resistance to certain
antibiotics, such as cefuroxime, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ampicillin, and cefotaxime. In
conclusion, our study provided valuable information regarding the plasmid-mediated AmpC βlactamase gene content, antibiotic resistance, and confirmatory phenotypic tests for AmpC βlactamases in E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates from clinical sources
First detection of mobilized colistin resistance mcr-1 gene in Escherichia coli isolated from livestock and sewage in Iran
Currently, few studies have investigated the mechanisms of resistance to colistin in Iran. The aim of this study was to investigate mcrharbouring Escherichia coli dissemination in livestock and sewage in Iran. A total of 115 samples from cows (n = 38), chickens (n = 47)
and urban sewage samples (n = 30) were collected. The presence of genes including mcr1–6 and ampC β-lactamase (blaMOX, blaCIT,
blaDHA, blaACC, blaEBC, blaFOX) for colistin-resistant isolates was investigated by multiplex PCR method. Genetic association of colistinresistant strains was also evaluated by ERIC PCR. Sixty-five isolates were identified as E. coli. Meaningless were resistant to colistin. The
highest (26.1%) and lowest (3.07%) resistance were shown to ampicillin and meropenem respectively. Among the three colistin-resistant
isolates, 2 (66%) were multidrug resistant, with one of them being mcr-1 positive and the other one positive for DHA ampC β-lactamase
gene. No mcr2–6 genes were found. Minimum inhibitory concentration of mcr-producing isolate was 4 mg/L by microbroth dilution. This
study reports, first the detection of mcr-1 in E. coli from farm animals in Iran, a finding that is indicative of a global distribution of this
plasmidic element and threatning the use of colistin as a last resort antibiotic. No clonal relationship was observed between the colistinresistant E. coli isolates by ERIC-PCR. Monitoring the presence of these strains in animal sources help as to controlling the spread of
resistance genes from animal to human is vital.
© 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd