A Proposal for Achieving High Returns on Early Childhood Development

Recommends establishing large-scale ECD programs for at-risk children as public investment in economic development. Discusses existing programs' benefits, and proposes a market-oriented approach to funding and managing endowed scholarship funds

An early childhood investment with a high public return

Early childhood education ; Education - Economic aspects

Early education's big dividends: the better public investment

Public investments in projects like new stadiums never achieve returns equal to those from early childhood education—which several small studies have assessed at 7 percent to 20 percent. Now Minnesota is testing whether scaling up can produce the same results.Early childhood education ; Early childhood education - Minnesota

Polynomials and tensors of bounded strength

Notions of rank abound in the literature on tensor decomposition. We prove that strength, recently introduced for homogeneous polynomials by Ananyan-Hochster in their proof of Stillman's conjecture and generalised here to other tensors, is universal among these ranks in the following sense: any non-trivial Zariski-closed condition on tensors that is functorial in the underlying vector space implies bounded strength. This generalises a theorem by Derksen-Eggermont-Snowden on cubic polynomials, as well as a theorem by Kazhdan-Ziegler which says that a polynomial all of whose directional derivatives have bounded strength must itself have bounded strength.Comment: Improved the bounds on strength as a function of the dimension of the space where one first sees nontrivial equations for the tensor property

Wages in the first job after apprenticeship : movers versus stayers

"In this article the wage effects of occupational mobility in those who have completed a course of vocational training at a company are studied on the basis of the IAB employment sample. About 70% of this group remains in the company where they did their training, 30% move another company. There is hardly any difference in the average wages of those who remain in the company which trained them and of the changers, although the wages of the latter group are considerably more widely distributed. The results of the analyses show that the wage effect of a change varies between the different branches of industry. It is not possible to derive clear statements from the empirical findings as to whether changing company after completion of training is linked with a positive or negative wage effect." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))betriebliche Berufsausbildung, Ausbildungsabsolventen, Lohnhöhe, zwischenbetriebliche Mobilität - Auswirkungen, IAB-Beschäftigtenstichprobe