Discrete Element Method Simulations of Toner Behavior in the Development Nip of the Océ Direct Imaging Print Process

This paper describes the modeling of the toner behavior in the development nip of the Océ Direct Imaging print process. The discrete element method (DEM) is used as the simulation tool for a quantitative description of the system. The interaction rules and the associated parameters are determined for the toner particles and the surfaces of the development rollers. The model is validated with print quality results. It is shown that it is possible to achieve quantitative agreement between DEM simulations and experimental print quality results