Proton Pump Inhibitors: Pantoprazole is the safe drug as compared to Omeprazole drug during treatment of Dyslipidemia.

Introduction: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are commonly used to manage ret-rosternal burning to peptic ulcer disease. Dyslipidemia is also very common in Asian population.Objective: To evaluate the effects of different groups of PPIs like omeprazole, Pan-toprazole, esomeprazole on lipid profile.Methodology: This animal study conducted at the Department of Pharmacology with collaboration of Diagnostic & Research laboratory of Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences Jamshoro from 16 Nov to 30 Nov 2020. 24 male rabbit were divided in 3 equal groups. The sample for lipid profile were taken twice; first sample was collected before start of PPPIs, while another sample was taken after six weeks of the treatment with different groups of PPPIs. The lipid profile was ana-lyzed by Cobass Auto analyzer (C-311) of Hitachi at Diagnostic & Research Labora-tory LUMHS. The Statistical analysis was performed by student ‘t’ test and chi square test by using SPSS version 21.Result: The results found were statistically significant (p=<0.05) for omeprazole and esomeprazole while it was insignificant (p=0.247) for pantoprazole. TG’s was signifi-cantly more in group A and B animals as compare to group C animals. Low density Lipoprotein found raised among all groups but the rise was statistically insignifi-cant.Conclusion: Omeprazole exerts significant effects over all observed parameters of lipid profile, esomeprazole showed effects over few parameters, while pantopra-zole showed insignificant effects over lipid profile.Key words: Proton Pump Inhibitors, Low density Lipoprotein, Cholesterol

Energy and Exergy Analysis of a Coal Fired Power Plant

In this paper, energy and exergy analysis has been conducted on a subcritical coal fired power plant of Wisconsin Power and Light Company, USA to investigate the steam cycle energy and exergy efficiency. The cycle is analyzed by developing a mathematical model using its operating and design parameters. The analysis is performed using EES (Engineering Equation Solver). The energy analysis shows that major share of energy loss occurs in condenser i.e. 72% of total cycle energy loss, whereas, exergy analysis shows that 83.09% total exergy destruction of cycle occurs in boiler.Furthermore, the simulation results are compared with actual with an absolute error of 3.1%. Additionally, the parametric study is performed to examine the effects of various operating parameters such as main steam pressure and temperature, condenser pressure, terminal and drain cooler temperature difference on net power output, energy andexergy efficiency of cycle. The parametric study shows that the plant has maximum energy and exergy efficiencies at steam pressure of 2500psi, condenser pressure of 1.0psi and main steam temperature of 1100oF. Furthermore, these parameters do not seem to change energy and exergy efficiencies significantly

Statistical analysis of urban heat island and modeling of heat generation within street canyon

published_or_final_versionMechanical EngineeringDoctoralDoctor of Philosoph

Study of Compressive Strength of Concrete with Coal Power Plant Fly Ash as Partial Replacement of Cement and Fine Aggregate

This research study comprises of concrete cubes made with Ordinary Portland Cement and with different configurations of fly ash by replacing cement and fine aggregate. To achieve the aim of this study, total 81 concrete cubes were cast. Among 81 cubes, 9 cubes were made with normal concrete, 36 cubes were made by replacing 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of fine aggregate with fly ash and 36 cubes were made by replacing 10%, 25%, 50%, and 75% of cement with fly ash. The cubes were 6\" x 6\" in cross-section, and the mix design was aimed for 5000 psi. After proper curing of all 81 cubes, they were tested at 3, 7 and 28 days curing age. The cubes were tested in Forney Universal Testing Machine. By analyzing the test results of all the concrete cubes, the following main findings have been drawn. The compressive strength of concrete cubes made by replacing 100 % fine aggregate by fly ash was higher than the concrete cubes made with Ordinary Portland Cement at all 3, 7 and 28 days curing ages. On the other hand, the compressive strength of concrete cubes made by replacing 10 % and 25 % cement by fly ash was slightly lower than the concrete cubes made with Ordinary Portland Cement at all curing ages, whereas, the compressive strength of concrete cubes made by replacing 50 % and 75 % of cement by fly ash were quite lower than the concrete cubes made with Ordinary Portland Cement at all curing ages

Thermodynamic Analysis of Simple Gas Turbine Cycle with Multiple Regression Modelling and Optimization

In this study, thermodynamic and statistical analyses were performed on a gas turbine system, to assess the impact of some important operating parameters like CIT (Compressor Inlet Temperature), PR (Pressure Ratio) and TIT (Turbine Inlet Temperature) on its performance characteristics such as net power output, energy efficiency, exergy efficiency and fuel consumption. Each performance characteristic was enunciated as a function of operating parameters, followed by a parametric study and optimization. The results showed that the performance characteristics increase with an increase in the TIT and a decrease in the CIT, except fuel consumption which behaves oppositely. The net power output and efficiencies increase with the PR up to certain initial values and then start to decrease, whereas the fuel consumption always decreases with an increase in the PR. The results of exergy analysis showed the combustion chamber as a major contributor to the exergy destruction, followed by stack gas. Subsequently, multiple regression models were developed to correlate each of the response variables (performance characteristic) with the predictor variables (operating parameters). The regression model equations showed a significant statistical relationship between the predictor and response variables

Heat Removal Under Various Wind Speeds

This paper investigated the impact of velocity variation in wide streets. The building AR (Aspect Ratio) (Street-canyon-width-to-building-height i.e. W/H) has been calculated by varying the width of street canyon. The k-? turbulence model was applied to ideal street canyons of aspect ratio 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0 while the wind speed was varied from 0.5 to 4.0 m/s. The street canyon aspect ratio 1.0 was obtained by increasing the width of the street two times (i.e. W=1) as much as for AR0.5 (i.e. W=0.5). However, different results obtained from AR1 were compared with AR0.5 to analyze the impact of wide streets. Results show that the temperatures reduce with an increase in ambient wind speed. However, the impact of ambient wind speed was comparatively higher in narrow street canyons since temperature reduced by over 1.4 K with an increase of 3.5 m/s in ambient wind speed. On the other hand, in the case of AR1.0 the area weighted average temperature reduced by 1.3 K with an increase of 3.5 m/s in ambient wind speed. It is found that removing heat from narrower street canyons is comparatively difficult. Results show that the temperatures within the target street canyon of AR0.5 with ambient wind speed of 0.5 m/s were around 0.71 K higher than that in AR1

Delayed-Input Wide Area Power System Stabilizer for Mode Selective Damping of Electromechanical Oscillations

A long time delay due to the transmission and processing of remote signal may degrade stability of power system. This paper discusses the design of H? -based local decentralized delayed-input PSS (Power System Stabilizer) controllers for a separate better damping of inter-area modes. The controllers use selected suitable remote signals from whole system as supplementary inputs. The local and remote input signals, used by the controller, are the ones in which the assigned single inter-area mode is most observable. The controller is located at a generator which is most effective in controlling the assigned mode. The controller, designed for a particular single interarea mode, also works mainly in the natural frequency of the assigned mode. Pade approximation approach is used to model time delay. The time delay model is then merged into delay-free power system model to obtain the delayed-input power system model. The controllers are then redesigned for the delayed-input system

Mode Selective Damping of Electromechanical Oscillations Using Supplementary Remote Signals and Design of Delay Compensator

The objective of this paper is to design an H?-based local decentralized PSS (Power System Stabilizing) controller. The controller is designed for separate damping of specific inter-area modes while considering time-delay. The controller uses remote signals, selected suitably from the whole system, as supplementary inputs. The wide area or global signals have been obtained where the oscillations in the remote network locations could be well observed. The PSS controller uses only those local and remote input signals in which the assigned single inter-area mode is most observable and is located at a generator which is most effective in controlling that mode. A long timedelay due to remote signal transmission and processing in WAMS (Wide Area Measurement System) can cause system instability and degradation of system robustness. Therefore, this paper uses the time-delay compensation method that uses lead or lag adjustment method while integrates the gain scheduling to overcome the impacts of constant time-delay. The effectiveness of the resulting PSS controllers is established through simulations using three machine three area test power system