Effectiveness of training in expressing positive emotions, reacting to change and greeting peers after childhood traumatic brain injury: a single-case experimental study

Background: Social cognitive deficits are common after traumatic brain injury (TBI). The participant in this single-case experimental design (SCED) was 7 years old when he sustained a severe TBI. After 2 years in rehabilitation, he continues to show deficits in social cognition. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of three interventions, each aimed at improving a behavior altered by social cognition deficits. These behaviors were: (1) expression of positive emotions, (2) reacting to changes in plans, and (3) greeting classmates. Method: An A-B-A’ design was used for each behavior. In addition, each behavior was targeted with a rehabilitation program applied over 10 sessions. Results: For the first behavior, changes between phases B-A’ (NAP = 0.712) and A-A’ (NAP = 0.864) indicated improvements in the child’s ability to express positive emotions. In the second behavior, changes in the intensity of reactions between phases B and A’ (NAP = 0.815) and A vs. A’ (NAP = 0.834) indicated that the child adapted to changes in a plan and to unexpected situations in a more adaptive way. For the third behavior, changes in the number of greetings between phases A and B (NAP = 0.883) and A vs. A’ (NAP = 0.844) suggested that during the third phase of the study, the participant fully acquired the habit of greeting peers and increased his interactions with others. Conclusion: While the participant showed improvements in all three targeted behaviors, due to the complexity of the third behavior, it is recommended that in future research, the intervention targeting social interactions should be applied over a longer timeframe to ensure that improvements are more stable in the long term

Técnicas no destructivas aplicadas a la conservación de pinturas murales: la colorimetría. Recursos didácticos y patrones de estudio (2018)

Diseño de modelos de aprendizaje en el campo del diagnóstico de obras de arte con métodos no invasivos: aplicación de la colorimetría en el análisis del estado de conservación de pinturas murales y otros paramentos arquitectónicos

Arrhythmic syncope: From diagnosis to management

Arrhythmia; Electrophysiological study; MyocardiopathyArítmia; Estudi electrofisiològic; MiocardiopatiaArritmia; Estudio electrofisiológico; MiocardiopatíaSyncope is a concerning symptom that affects a large proportion of patients. It can be related to a heterogeneous group of pathologies ranging from trivial causes to diseases with a high risk of sudden death. However, benign causes are the most frequent, and identifying high-risk patients with potentially severe etiologies is crucial to establish an accurate diagnosis, initiate effective therapy, and alter the prognosis. The term cardiac syncope refers to those episodes where the cause of the cerebral hypoperfusion is directly related to a cardiac disorder, while arrhythmic syncope is cardiac syncope specifically due to rhythm disorders. Indeed, arrhythmias are the most common cause of cardiac syncope. Both bradyarrhythmia and tachyarrhythmia can cause a sudden decrease in cardiac output and produce syncope. In this review, we summarized the main guidelines in the management of patients with syncope of presumed arrhythmic origin. Therefore, we presented a thorough approach to syncope work-up through different tests depending on the clinical characteristics of the patients, risk stratification, and the management of syncope in different scenarios such as structural heart disease and channelopathies

El discurso público del yihad y las modificaciones de la violencia política en Latinoamérica

Se diría que en América Latina han cambiado las formas de la violencia. No es que hayan desaparecido por completo las fórmulas convencionales –secuestro (express o clásico), robos, narcotráfico, conflictos internos…- sino que, o bien alguna de ellas se han modificado -tal y como se ha demostrado en tesis doctorales recientes (Patiño, 2015)- o bien han aparecido otras impredecibles para el ciudadano de a pie. Una de esas mutaciones es el peso que los extremismos parecen haber adquirido en la región, así como el influjo creciente del Islam y del islamismo en la derecha y en la izquierda, con un discurso del yihad que encuentra, contra todo pronóstico, acomodo. De una de estas transformaciones -de las obsesiones islámicas y yihadistas en grupos naturalmente alejados de estas doctrinas– trataremos en este trabajo

Eu o pari e ele me deu a vida”: estudo da transição ocupacional vinculada à maternidade de duas mulheres com transtorno mental

[Resumen] Introducción: Las cifras de mujeres con trastorno mental que son madres están aumentando. La maternidad produce un gran cambio en la vida de las mujeres, pudiendo generar nuevas necesidades ocupacionales y constituyendo un ámbito incipiente para la terapia ocupacional. Objetivo: Identificar y describir las necesidades ocupacionales vivenciadas durante la transición ocupacional vinculada a la maternidad, desde la perspectiva de dos mujeres con trastorno mental en Galicia, España. Metodología: Cualitativa con enfoque fenomenológico, empleando técnicas conversacionales para la recogida de datos y análisis temático. Resultados: “El día a día antes del cambio” y “Yo lo parí y él me dio la vida” describen de forma transversal las necesidades ocupacionales vividas por las participantes en su proceso de transición ocupacional vinculado a la maternidad. Conclusión: La discusión se articula en torno a los mediadores de la transición ocupacional, la complejidad de la misma, y se aporta una mirada crítica entendiendo las experiencias de las participantes como una más dentro de la diversidad que representa la maternidad. Se finaliza discutiendo las implicaciones para la terapia ocupacional.[Abstract] Introduction: The number of mothers with mental disorders is increasing. Motherhood implies major changes in women ́s lives, potentially creating different occupational needs and an emerging field for Occupational Therapy. Objective: To identify and describe the occupational needs during occupational transition linked to motherhood, from the perspective of two women with mental disorders in Galicia, Spain. Method: Qualitative with phenomenological approach, using conversational techniques for data collection, and thematic analysis. Results: “Day by day before the change” and “I gave birth to him and he gave me my life”, the emerged themes, transversely describe occupational needs experienced by participants in the occupational transition process linked to motherhood. Conclusion: We discuss the mediators of occupational transition, its complexity and a critical perspective of participants’ experiences as one more experience within the diversity of motherhood; and conclude with the implications for occupational therapy.[Resumo] Introducción: Las cifras de mujeres con trastorno mental que son madres están aumentando. La maternidad produce un gran cambio en la vida de las mujeres, pudiendo generar nuevas necesidades ocupacionales y constituyendo un ámbito incipiente para la terapia ocupacional. Objetivo: Identificar y describir las necesidades ocupacionales vivenciadas durante la transición ocupacional vinculada a la maternidad, desde la perspectiva de dos mujeres con trastorno mental en Galicia, España. Metodología: Cualitativa con enfoque fenomenológico, empleando técnicas conversacionales para la recogida de datos y análisis temático. Resultados: “El día a día antes del cambio” y “Yo lo parí y él me dio la vida” describen de forma transversal las necesidades ocupacionales vividas por las participantes en su proceso de transición ocupacional vinculado a la maternidad. Conclusión: La discusión se articula en torno a los mediadores de la transición ocupacional, la complejidad de la misma, y se aporta una mirada crítica entendiendo las experiencias de las participantes como una más dentro de la diversidad que representa la maternidad. Se finaliza discutiendo las implicaciones para la terapia ocupacional

Diversidad y paradigmas de empresa: un nuevo enfoque

Después de hacer un repaso por la literatura académica sobre gestión de la diversidad desde los años noventa hasta la fecha, este artículo propone que el objetivo de la gestión de la diversidad debe ser la unidad de la organización, no el simple incremento de la misma. Para lograr este objetivo se necesitan dos cosas: fomentar la motivación trascendente de los directivos y colaboradores y desarrollar competencias de liderazgo inter e intrapersonales. Para fundamentar estas propuestas se introduce el modelo conocido como Octógono Empresarial, basado en la teoría de Pérez López (1992). A lo largo de la argumentación se establecen cinco principios generales para la gestión de la diversidad.-----After reviewing the academic literature from the Nineties to today on diversity management, this paper suggests that the objective of diversity management must be the unity of the organization, not simply the growth of the same. To achieve this goal, two things are needed: first, the promotion of altruistic motivation of managers and employees, and second, the development of interand intrapersonal competencies. In support of these proposals, the anthropological paradigm of the company, based on the theory of Pérez López (1992), will be introduced. Throughout the argument five principles for diversity management will be set out

Effectiveness and safety of glimepiride and iDPP4, associated with metformin in second line pharmacotherapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus: systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective: Our review analyses the studies that have specifically compared the association iDPP4/metformin with glimepiride/metformin, both in second line pharmacotherapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). Methods: Systematic literature review with a meta-analysis of clinical trials comparing glimepiride with any iDPP4, both used together with metformin as a second line treatment of DM2. The effectiveness variables used were as follows: %HbA1c variation, fasting plasma glucose variation, patients achieving the therapeutic objective of HbA1c <7%, treatment dropouts due to lack of effectiveness and rescue treatments needed. The safety variables included were as follows: weight variation at the end of treatment; presentation of any type of adverse event; presentation of serious adverse events; patients who experienced any type of hypoglycaemia; patients who experienced severe hypoglycaemia; treatments suspended due to adverse effects; and deaths for any reason. Results: Four studies met the inclusion criteria. The group treated with glimepiride showed better results in all effectiveness variables. Regarding safety variables, the main differences observed were in the greater number of cases with hypoglycaemia in the group treated with glimepiride, and the serious adverse events or treatment discontinuations due to these which occurred in slightly over 2% more cases in this group compared to the iDPP4 group. The remaining adverse events, including mortality, did not show any differences between both groups. The variation in the weight difference between groups (2.1 kg) is not considered clinically relevant. Conclusions: A greater effectiveness is seen in the glimepiride/metformin association, which should not be diminished by slight differences in adverse effects, with absence of severe hypoglycaemia in over 98% of patients under treatment. The association of glimepiride/metformin, both due to cost as well as effectiveness and safety, may be the preferential treatment for most DM2 patients, and it offers a potential advantage in refractory hyperglycemic populations, tolerant to treatment.S

The Role of DNA Damage Response in Dysbiosis-Induced Colorectal Cancer

The high incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in developed countries indicates a predominant role of the environment as a causative factor. Natural gut microbiota provides multiple benefits to humans. Dysbiosis is characterized by an unbalanced microbiota and causes intestinal damage and inflammation. The latter is a common denominator in many cancers including CRC. Indeed, in an inflammation scenario, cellular growth is promoted and immune cells release Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and Reactive Nitrogen Species (RNS), which cause DNA damage. Apart from that, many metabolites from the diet are converted into DNA damaging agents by microbiota and some bacteria deliver DNA damaging toxins in dysbiosis conditions as well. The interactions between diet, microbiota, inflammation, and CRC are not the result of a straightforward relationship, but rather a network of multifactorial interactions that deserve deep consideration, as their consequences are not yet fully elucidated. In this paper, we will review the influence of dysbiosis in the induction of DNA damage and CRC.Junta de Andalucía P18-RT-332

Multimodality imaging fusion to guide stereotactic radioablation for refractory complex ventricular tachycardia

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; Multimodality imaging; Stereotactic radioablationMiocardiopatía hipertrófica; Imágenes multimodales; Radioablación estereotácticaMiocardiopatia hipertròfica; Imatges multimodals; Radioablació estereotàctic