The effect of polytechnic reform on migration

This paper examines the effect of the polytechnic reform on geographical mobility. A polytechnic, higher education reform took place in Finland in the 1990s. It gradually transformed former vocational colleges into polytechnics and also brought higher education to regions that did not have a university before. This expansion of higher education provides exogenous variation in the regional supply of higher education. The reform raised the mobility of high school graduates across local labour markets in the years after they had completed their secondary studies, which indicated increased mobility between high school and post-secondary education. We estimate that the reform enhanced the annual migration rate of high school graduates by 1.2 percentage points over a three-year follow-up period. This represents a substantial increase, because their baseline migration rate is 3.7 per cent. The effect fades several years after the completion of secondary studies.peerReviewe

Efeitos da fratura do arco zigomático no crescimento facial em ratos jovens Effect of zygomatic arch fracture on facial growth in young rats<A NAME="home"></A>

Os efeitos da fratura unilateral do arco zigomático no crescimento facial foram avaliados através de mensurações cefalométricas. Fratura com desvio medial no lado direito foi realizada em ratos com um mês de idade. Os animais foram sacrificados com três meses de idade e sua mandíbula foi desarticulada. O crânio foi submetido à tomada radiográfica axial e as hemimandíbulas à norma lateral. As mensurações foram realizadas através de um sistema de computador. Foi verificada diferença significante a menor para a altura do corpo e do ramo da mandíbula. Não houve diferença significante para a profundidade da fossa infratemporal, bem como para as diversas mensurações na maxila e para o comprimento mandibular. A tendência de retorno do arco zigomático com desvio à sua posição original foi confirmada.<br>The effect of unilateral zygomatic arch fracture on facial growth was analysed by means of cephalometric measurements. Medially displaced fracture of the right side was achieved in one month old rats. Reaching three months the animals were sacrified, and their mandibles disarticulated. The skull was submitted to axial radiographic incidence and the hemimandibles to a lateral radiographic incidence. The measurements were made through a computer system. Significant differences were verified with a decrease in body height and ramus of the mandible. There was no significant difference in infratemporal fossae depth, as well as in diverse measurements in maxilla and in mandibular lenght. The tendency of the fractured arch to return to its original position was confirmed