Textile waste/scrap rubber composite for technical applications / Che Mohamad Som Said, Mohd Rozi Ahmad and Mona Rita Othman

Natural rubber (NR) was compounded with waste polyester fabrics using internal mixer and two roll mill. The effects of the waste polyester fabric used as filler in natural rubber compound were studied. Physical test were conducted including tensile test, hardness test, resilience test, ageing test, density and Mooney viscosity. Tensile test results show that filled NR compound has lower strength than NR compound without filler. However the hardness, resilience, density and Mooney viscosity value shows the opposite. Morphology studies using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) show that the waste polyester fabrics were well dispersed in the rubber matrix but showing poor bonding between them

MICROSTRUCTURE AND INTERFACIAL INTERMETALLIC OF Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu/Sn-58Bi SOLDER JOINT FOR PACKAGE-ON-PACKAGE TECHNOLOGY

In this study, the effect of growth microstructure on diffusion and intermetallic compound of Sn-58Bi/SAC305 solder joint with different of SAC305 size and reflow temperature had been studied. For effect of different size, it used 180°C reflow temperature and 5minute reflow time with the size of SAC305 solder ball was 800μm, 900μm and 1000μm. For the reflow temperature would reflow at 160°C,170°C, 180°C, and 190°C for 5minute reflow time. After the reflow process, a sample would go through a several processes such as molding, grinding and polishing before undergoing material characterization. The diffusion area had shown an inversely relationship with SAC305 size and linearly relationship with temperature and time reflow. Besides, the IMC thickness was thinner with increasing of SAC305 size. In this finding, the area of Sn-58Bi/SAC305 solder joint could be predicted to enhance the package on package technology

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

An Investigation of TiO2 Addition on Microstructure Evolution of Sn-Cu-Ni Solder Paste Composite

In this research, varying fraction of titanium oxide (TiO2) reinforcement particles was successfully incorporated into Sn-Cu-Ni solder paste in an effort to study the influence of TiO2 addition on microstructure evolution of Sn-Cu-Ni solder paste composite. Sn-Cu-Ni solder paste composite was produced by mixing TiO2 particle with Sn-Cu-Ni solder paste. The microstructure analysis was carried out by Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX). The addition TiO2 particle helps to refine the bulk solder microstructure and suppress the intermetallic compound (IMC) formation at the interface as will be discussed further

An Investigation of TiO

In this research, varying fraction of titanium oxide (TiO2) reinforcement particles was successfully incorporated into Sn-Cu-Ni solder paste in an effort to study the influence of TiO2 addition on microstructure evolution of Sn-Cu-Ni solder paste composite. Sn-Cu-Ni solder paste composite was produced by mixing TiO2 particle with Sn-Cu-Ni solder paste. The microstructure analysis was carried out by Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX). The addition TiO2 particle helps to refine the bulk solder microstructure and suppress the intermetallic compound (IMC) formation at the interface as will be discussed further