ACTUAL PROBLEMS CONNECTED WITH APARTMENT PROPERTY IN THE MACEDONIAN LAW

It is easy when a person lives in an individual house. Then the way of life dependsonly on him and his family members. But the comfort of living is not such a simple andeasy thing when the common roof have to be shared with people from different provinces,cultures, education and habits. The large number of owners of separate parts of the building,the differences between them, as well as the low level of awareness of community andcoexistence, complicate the way the building is managed and maintained. It is a verydifficult and sometimes impossible mission for these people to come together, harmonizeand decide together in the management of the building in condominium ownership. Thecommon life in the building, the use and management of the common parts and the land andtheir efficient maintenance, inevitably imposes the need for detailed rules that regulate theseissues. Failure to follow the rules of cohabitation and non-fulfillment of obligations can turncommunity life into unbearable chaos. In conditions of construction expansion and a largenumber of newly built buildings, apartments and business premises, care must be taken fortheir maintenance and ensuring energy efficiency. Otherwise, very soon there will be ruin ofbuildings, malfunction of elevators, neglected entrances and corridors, unhygienic and otherside effects that will make living together difficult. Therefore, the good legislation for themanagement and maintenance of the buildings is of great importance. Аlso its observance andimplementation in practice in which the condominium owners should have an active role, aswell as the state and the municipalities. This is because the quality and standard of collectivehousing is not only a matter of private, but also of wider public interest. In the paper, theauthor makes a detailed analysis of the legislation governing the condominium management,as well as problems in practice in order to answer the question of necessary reforms and new solutions in the legislation

FOR THE NEED OF PRECISE REGULATION OF INHERITANCE IN THE MACEDONIAN INHERITANCE LAW

Existence of Inheritance is the main condition for creation of the Inheritance Law relations. If there isn’t inheritance, although there are principal, successors and a legal title, there would not be inheritance. In its content, inheritance is consisted not onlu from rights but also and obligations. For regular and legal dividing of the inheritance it’s from important value determining its content. Present solutions that regulate the object of succession are outdated and haven’t been changed for decades. In the practice they cause a lot of problems, esspecialy in the creditor-debtors relations. In the text the author is anylizing the notion of inheritance and it content, the rights and obligations from which it is consisted and the rights that are excluded from it, with aim to resolve the problems in the practice in the interes of legal certainty

ON THE NEED FOR REFORMS IN THE MACEDONIAN MARITAL PROPERTY REGIME

In the text the author is anylizing the marital property regime of the spouses in the Macedonian family law. The author points that Macedonian Family Law hasn’t suffered changes for decades. This is the reason why there are many legal gaps in the provisions that regulate marital property regime. On the other side in the last decades marital and family relations have ondergone a lot of changes. Given this fact, the author is giving proposals for thoroughly regulation of the marital property relations. Crucial reform in the civil code will be introduction of the marital agreement upon which the partners will have opportunity to regulate their property relations upon their will and necessities.&nbsp

Using Inverted Files to Compress Text

This is the first report on a new approach to text compression. It consists of representing the text file with compressed inverted file index in conjunction with very compact lexicon, where lexicon includes every word in the text. The index is compressed using standard index compression techniques, and lexicon is compressed by original dictionary compression method that gives better compression results than existing procedures. Compression procedure is complex, but decompression time is linear with the file size, although it requires two passes and hence can not be performed online. First experiments show that this method, when refined, can be competitive for larger texts that only need to be decompressed in the real time

END OF "DEBT SLAVERY": A REALITY OR UNFULFILLED WISH OF THE LEGISLATOR

With the latest amendments to the Law on Obligations, the legislator predicted significant reforms in debt-trust relations. For the first time in Macedonian law, after independence, the flow of penalty interest is limited by reaching the amount of the claim. A shorter deadline for the claims set forth in the judicial correction, a decision of another competent authority, by settlement before the court or other competent authority, is introduced and an absolute expiry date of claims is introduced from the moment of commencement of enforcement. In the paper, the author analyzes the institute of obsolescence through the prism of the latest legislative changes with the intention of pointing to certain illogicalities, collisions and ambiguities that create problems and dilemmas in their application in practice. Special attention is paid to the retroactive action of the legal changes, which is a rare example in civil legislation. This is in order to answer the question of whether the retroactive action of the legislative changes is legally sustained and whether the legislator has managed to "amnesty" debtors and put an end to "debt slavery" or only increased legal uncertainty.   &nbsp

GRATITUDE GROWS OLD VERY QUICKLY (OB INGRATITUDINEM)

In recent decades, disputes over the revocation of the gift agreement have become more frequent in Macedonian courts due to the gross ingratitude of the recipient. This legal standard, which needs to be determined in each case, is interpreted differently by domestic courts, leading to inconsistencies in case law and legal uncertainty. The legislator also contributed to this situation by deleting the social morality as a source of obligatory relations in the general provisions of the Law, replacing it with the good customs that arise from it and with the public order. However, the legislator did not completely erase the morality, leaving it in the regulation of certain principles and issues. Due to this, as well as the fact that the legislator does not explicitly explain what is meant by extreme or great ingratitude, in domestic court practice prevails the view according to which extreme ingratitude means a crime committed against the health, property, freedom, honor and reputation of the donor or his close relative. On the other hand, social and family relationships have changed significantly in recent years, making moral values ​​and responsibilities less respected. In the paper, the authors analyze the legal solutions that regulate the revocation of the gift due to the extreme ingratitude of the recipient and the solutions of the case law, in order to overcome the existing problems related to morality as a source of obligation, for everyone to get the deserved right - ius suum quique tribuere

УПРАВУВАЊЕ СО ЧОВЕЧКИТЕ РЕСУРСИ ВО БАНКАРСКИОТ СЕКТОР

Менаџментот на човечки ресурси е процес на управување со луѓе во организациите на структуриран и темелен начин. Ова ги опфаќа областите на екипирање (ангажирање на луѓе), задржување на луѓе, утврдување и управување со плати и надоместоци, управување со перформансите, управување со пристапот кон бенефициите и надоместоците на вработените, евиденцијата на вработените и кадровските политики, управување со промени и грижа за излез од компанијата за заокружување на активностите. Управувањето со човечките ресурси е потсистем на секоја компанија, па исто така и на банките. Вработените во банка мора да имаат повисоко ниво на интегритет и доверба од вработените во повеќето други индустрии, што ја прави улогата на човечки ресурси во банкарскиот сектор многу поважна. Речиси секоја банка и финансиска институција е вклучена во различни функции на работното место и на тој начин бара многу ефикасен тим и соодветна работна сила. Денес, банките се фокусираат на дизајнирање процеси и услуги за привлекување, развој и задржување на врвни таленти, преземајќи чекори за да ја задржат својата работна сила, мотивирани преку соодветно охрабрување како конференции, спортски настани, вечери, патувања спонзорирани од банката, собири итн.,како и создавајќи кај вработените чувство на припадност

Package Programs for Container Handling

U radu je dan prikaz uporabe informacijske komunikacijske tehnologije, to jest primjene programske potpore u praćenju i nadzoru kontejnera te izradbi plana tereta. Zbog najpogodnijega i najjeftinijeg prijevoza brodom, došlo je do naglog porasta prijevoza kontejnera. To je dovelo do velikih problema u rukovanju velikim brojem kontejnera na kontejnerskim terminalima. Da bi se pritom povećala efikasnost i sigurnost i moguće pogreške svele na najmanju moguću mjeru, uvode se integrirani informacijski sustavi u lukama, uz odgovarajuće programske pakete kao što su Belco, CubeMaster, Cargo Optimizator, SeaGate i dr. Današnja informacijsko-komunikacijska oprema omogućava nadzor i praćenje kontejnera po konceptu “od vrata do vrata”. Uvođenjem softverske podrške u rukovanju kontejnerima smanjuju se neželjene pojave pri ukrcaju/iskrcaju. Za uspješniji rad potrebna je koordinacija, pravovremenost, točnost i pouzdanost u razmjeni podataka između svih sudionika u prijevozu kontejnera.This paper shows the application of information and communication technology, as well as the application of software support in tracking and monitoring of cargo container’s and creating cargo plan. Because of the cheapest and easiest transport by ships there has been an increase of container usage. This leads to major problems in manipulating large number of containers in terminals. To increase efficiency and safety in manipulating containers, and to decrease error to its smallest rate, integration information systems are introduced in ports. To increase the efficiency and security of containers in the manipulation and to reduce possible errors to minimum, integrated information systems are introduced in ports, and the appropriate software packages such as Belco, CubeMaster, Cargo Optimizer, SeaGate are implemented. Today’s information communication equipment allows monitoring and tracking of containers by the concept of “door to door”. Implementing information systems decreases issues such as containers not being ready for loading. For successful work it is necessary to have overall coordination, timely, reliable, and accurate information between all participants in container manipulation