Web-Based Parent Training Intervention With Telephone Coaching for Disruptive Behavior in 4-Year-Old Children in Real-World Practice: Implementation Study

Background: Parent training is the most effective approach to the psychosocial treatment of disruptive behavioral problems in childhood. However, no studies exist on how well Web-based training programs work when they make the transition from the research setting to implementation in primary health care.Objective: The study aimed to examine how the randomized controlled trial (RCT) and implementation study groups of the Strongest Families Smart Website (SFSW) intervention differed in child psychopathology, family demographics and treatment-related factors, such as therapeutic alliance and parents' satisfaction rates. The intervention was conducted in the pediatric primary health care in Finland.Methods: The study focused on 232 parents who had taken part in the SFSW intervention, which formed part of a 2-arm RCT study, and 882 families that would participate in the subsequent SFSW implementation study group. Both groups comprised parents whose children displayed high levels of parent-reported disruptive behavioral problems when they were screened in child health clinics at 4 years of age. Parents in both groups were provided with the SFSW intervention, which consisted of a Web-based training program with 11 weekly themes and associated telephone sessions.Results: Demographic factors or duration of behavioral problems did not differ statistically or clinically between the RCT and implementation groups. Overall, 42.0% (362/862) of children in the implementation group and 35.4% (80/226) in the RCT intervention group had suffered from behavioral difficulties more than 1 year before the screening phase (chi(2)(1)=3.2; P=.07). The mean duration of telephone coaching calls was very similar in the implementation and RCT intervention groups, that is, 38 and 37 min per call, respectively (t(279.5)=0.26; P=.79). The total time spent on the website of the program was 451 min in the implementation group and 431 min in the RCT intervention group (t(318.8)=1.38; P=.17). In the RCT intervention group, 52 of the 232 participants (22.4%) discontinued the program before the tenth week, whereas in the implementation group, 109 of the 882 participants (12.4%; odds ratio 2.05, 95% CI 1.4-3.0; PConclusions: The implementation of population-based screening of Web-based parent training intervention with telephone coaching resulted in good feasibility, fidelity, accessibility, and similar satisfaction level post treatment when compared with intervention in RCT research setting. The discontinuation of treatment in the implementation group was exceptionally low.</div

Internet-assisted cognitive behavioural therapy with telephone coaching for anxious Finnish children aged 10-13 years: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

AbstractIntroductionChildhood anxiety is common, causes significant functional impairment and may lead to psychosocial problems by adulthood. Although cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is effective for treating anxiety, its availability is limited by the lack of trained CBT therapists and easily accessible local services. To address the challenges in both recognition and treatment, this study combines systematic anxiety screening in the general population with a randomised controlled trial (RCT) on internet-assisted CBT (ICBT) with telephone coaching. Child, family and intervention-related factors are studied as possible predictors or moderators, together with the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods and analysisThe study is an open two-parallel group RCT, stratified by sex, that compares ICBT with telephone coaching to an education control. Children aged 10–13 are screened at yearly school healthcare check-ups using five items from the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders (SCARED) Questionnaire. The families of children who screen positive for anxiety are contacted to assess the family’s eligibility for the RCT. The inclusion criteria include scoring at least 22 points in the 41-item SCARED Questionnaire. The primary outcome is the SCARED child and parent reports. The secondary outcomes include the impact of anxiety, quality of life, comorbidity, peer relationships, perceptions of school, parental well-being and service use. Additional measures include demographics and life events, anxiety disorder diagnoses, as well as therapeutic partnerships, the use of the programme and general satisfaction among the intervention group.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the research ethics board of the Hospital District of South West Finland and local authorities. Participation is voluntary and based on informed consent. The anonymity of the participants will be protected and the results will be published in a scientific journal and disseminated to healthcare professionals and the general public.Trial registration number ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03310489, pre-results, initially released on 30 September 2017.</p

A capture-gated neutron spectrometer for characterization of neutron sources and their shields

HAVAITSEMISMENETELMIÄ YHDISTÄMÄLLÄ TUNNISTETAAN SUOJATTUKIN NEUTRONILÄHDE Säteilyturvakeskuksessa kehitettiin kenttäkelpoinen neutronispektrometri, joka hyödyntää listamuotoista tiedonkeruuta. Listamuotoisella tiedonkeruulla tarkoitetaan, että jokainen säteilyhavainto kirjataan ylös tarkan kellonajan kanssa. Kyseinen tiedontallennusformaatti mahdollistaa joustavan jälkikäsittelyn. Ilmaisinaineena kehitetyssä järjestelmässä toimii boorilla rikastettu muovinen tuikeaine. Nopean neutronin osuessa tuikeaineeseen saadaan kaksi peräkkäistä havaintoa. Ensimmäinen syntyy, kun neutroni törmää muovissa olevan vedyn kanssa. Toinen syntyy, kun boori sieppaa neutronin. Tämä kaksoishavainto on tunniste neutroneille eli sen avulla neutronihavainnot voidaan erottaa muista havainnoista. Säteilyturvakeskuksessa on aikaisemmin kehitetty epäsuora neutronihavaitsemismenetelmä, jossa hyödynnetään suurenergisiä (> 3.5 MeV) fotoneja. Tässä tutkimuksessa huomattiin, että soveltamalla samanaikaisesti molempia menetelmiä (kaksoishavainto ja suurenergiset fotonit) pystytään tunnistamaan neutronilähteen tyyppi vaikka se olisi suojattu säteilysuojalla

Perceived negative attitude of others as an early sign of psychosis

Aim. - Risk of psychosis is defined by the presence of positive psychotic-like symptoms, by subtle self-perceived cognitive and perceptual deficiencies, or by decreased functioning with familial risk of psychosis. We studied the associations of psychiatric outpatients' self-reported functioning and interpersonal relationships with vulnerability to and risk of psychosis. Methods. - A total of 790 young patients attending psychiatric outpatient care completed the PROD screen [Heinimaa M, Salokangas RKR, Ristkari T, Plathin M, Huttunen J, Ilonen T, et al. PROD-screen - a screen for prodromal symptoms of psychosis. Int J Meth Psychiatr Res 2003; 12:92-04.], including questions on functioning, interpersonal relationships and subtle specific (psychotic-like) and non-specific symptoms. Vulnerability to psychosis was assessed employing the patient's written descriptions of specific symptoms. Of the patients vulnerable to psychosis, those at current risk of psychosis were assessed using the Bonn Scale for Assessment of Basic Symptoms [Schultze-Lutter F, Klosterkotter J. Bonn scale for assessment of basic symptoms - prediction list, BSABS-P. Cologne: University of Cologne; 2002] and the Structured Interview for Positive symptoms [Miller TJ, McGlashan TH, Rosen JL, Somjee L, Markovich PJ, Stein K, et al. Prospective diagnosis of the initial prodrome for schizophrenia based on the structured interview for prodromal syndromes: preliminary evidence of interrater reliability and predictive validity. Am J Psychiatry 2002; 159:863-65.]. Results. - In all, 219 patients vulnerable to and 55 patients at current risk of psychosis were identified. Vulnerability to psychosis was associated with all items of functioning and interpersonal relationships. Current risk of psychosis, however, was associated only with the Subjectively reported negative attitude of others. Negative attitude of others was also associated with feelings of reference at both vulnerability and risk levels. Conclusion. - The subjective experience of negative attitude of others towards oneself may be an early indicator of psychotic development. (C) 2009 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserve