Vortices associated with toroidal ion temperature gradient driven fluctuations

The three nonlinear hydrodynamic equations for potential, parallel ion velocity and ion pressure used in simulations of the toroidal ion temperature gradient driven fluctuations and transport in a shear magnetic field are analyzed for coherent vortex structures. Two types of vortex structures are found: one type for weak shear that is a generalization of the usual modon vortex construction and the second type of solution for strong magnetic shear where the convective nonlinearity in the parallel velocity field generates a cubic trapping nonlinearity in the vorticity equation. These vortex structures show the possibility of explaining the saturated states observed in the numerical simulations as self-organized nonlinear states in contrast to wave turbulence

High pressure diffraction studies of YbH up to 28 GPa

SIGLEDEGerman

A comparison of intra- and extraeuropean options for an energy supply with wind power

Europe currently has by far the highest installed wind power capacity of all regions in the world. However, this is not due to Europe being the best possible place to build wind power, but rather to a favourable political climate. There are areas with high resources around Europe where harvesting of wind power could be economical, even including the costs of transport to Europe. One problem to be overcome is that wind energy by nature is a variable resource and cannot be scheduled like conventional power plants. However, the variability significantly decreases when the wind power is harvested from a large area. Already Europe itself shows big prospects for a smoothing of wind power output trough the distribution of generation. Using efficient transmission systems (such as high voltage direct current HVDC) to harvest wind power from areas outside Europe that have a very good wind resource is a viable option, even for large scale transfers of energy. This paper is to shed some light on the wind energy potentials in and around Europe, and the smoothing effects occurring due to the low correlation of wind farm output with distances of thousands of kilometres in between. (orig.)Available from: http://www.iset.uni-kassel.de / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman

A spectrometer for X-ray energy-dispersive diffraction using synchrotron radiation

SIGLEDEGerman

Dosimetry of weakly penetrating radiation

Since 1 May 1996 the three-year research project 'Dosimetry of weakly penetrating radiation' has been sponsored by the European Commission. The research objectives are related to the occupational personal monitoring of photon radiation and the operational monitoring of beta radiation. The project was broken down into four work packages: personal dose equivalent chamber, beta dosemeter-spectrometer combination, extrapolation chambers, dose distribution around hot particles. The objectives of the project and the main results obtained in the four work packages after the first half of the project are described. (orig.)Available from TIB Hannover: RN 5178(30) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman

The SAVE programme. Integration of daylighting technologies in demand side management programmes: estimation of the energetical and peak load potential Final report

The central goal of this project within the SAVE programme was to obtain a reliable estimate of how the use of daylighting technologies could contribute to a reduction of total energy use in buildings, changes in the profile of peak electric loads and environmental effects. The use of daylighting controls coupled with energy efficient lighting and novel daylighting technologies shows potential in reducing electricity consumption in buildings and providing better thermal and visual comfort for the occupants. In the long term cost benefits are projected due to lower energy bills and in some cases potentially lower capital costs due to the smaller installed capacity required for the heating and cooling system. (orig.)Also short version in German, publ. in F98B1481SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: F98B1482+a: F98B1481+a / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekBundesministerium fuer Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie, Bonn (Germany)DEGerman

Coupling of aerosol behaviour and thermal-hydraulics Reinforced concerted action on reactor safety source term project

The status of the experimental work (LACE, KAEUER, FALCON test facilities, DEMONA and VANAM experiments) and the new generation of computer codes (eg. CONTAIN, FIPLOC-M, ITHACA, GOTHIC-M) for a coupled calculation of thermohydraulic and aerosol processes is reviewed and the lack of the present state of knowledge is summarized. The role of the coupled calculations with respect to advanced reactor design and to operating LWRs is also considered. (HP)Available from TIB Hannover: RA 607(2-108) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman

Guidelines for planning interventions against external exposure in industrial area after a nuclear accident. Pt. 1 A holistic approach of countermeasure application

Following a large-scale release of radioactivity into the environment, different urban, industrial and rural environments may be contaminated for many years. Currently, there is limited systematic consideration of long-term management to ensure sustainability of areas contaminated by long-lived radionuclides. To sustain acceptable living and working conditions in such areas it is important to be able to construct robust, effective restoration strategies which address the many different types of environment, land use and ways of life. The overall objective of the STRATEGY project (directly addressing Key Action 2: Nuclear Fission - Off-site emergency management in the Fifth Framework Programme) is to establish a decision framework to enable the selection of robust and practicable remediation strategies for Member States, which enable the long-term sustainable management of contaminated areas. The special objectives of the work carried out by GSF - Radiation Protection Institute and presented in this report was to contribute to the different urban/industrial parts of the STRATEGY project. Countermeasures being different from the usual urban ones and largely applicable in industrial area are collected and evaluated. The industrial area is defined here as such an area where productive and/or commercial activity is carried out. A good example is a supermarket or a factory. In designing restoration strategies to ensure the long-term sustainability of large and varied contaminated areas, there is a requirement to adopt a more holistic approach rather than simply selecting cost-effective countermeasures. The potentially negative consequences of restoration must be fully considered. The implementation of a remediation strategy may lead to a reduced collective dose, but increased dose to those implementing the strategies. Countermeasures may themselves generate waste and the practical consideration of disposal options has to be addressed. There is also a requirement that the radiological situation is fully explained and any remediation measures employed are transparent to affected populations. These issues are covered by the generation of a database, the so called countermeasure templates. (orig.)Available from TIB Hannover: RO 2674(2003,01) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman

The role of entrainment in surface-atmosphere interactions over the boreal forest

We present a description of the evolution of the convective boundary layer (CBL) over the boreal forests of Saskatchewan and Manitoba, as observed by the national center for atmospheric research (NCAR) Electra research aircraft during the 1994 boreal ecosystem-atmosphere study (BOREAS). All observations were made between 1530 and 2230 UT (0930-1630 local solar time, LST). We show that the CBL flux divergence often led to drying of the CBL over the course of the day, with the greatest drying (approaching 0.5 gkg"-"1hr"-"1) observed in the morning, 1000-1200 LST, and decreasing over time to nearly no drying (0 to 0.1 gkg"-"1hr"-"1) by midafternoon (1500-1600 LST). The maximum warming (0.45 Khr"-"1) also occurred in the morning and decreased slightly to about 0.4 Khr"-"1 by midafternoon. The CBL vapor pressure deficit (VPD) increases over the course of the day. A significant portion of this increase can be explained by the vertical flux divergence, though horizontal advection also appears to be important. We suggest a linkage between boundary layer growth, the vertical flux divergences, and boundary layer cloud formation, with cloud activity peaking at midday in response to rapid CBL growth, then decreasing somewhat later in the day in response to CBL warming and decreased growth. We also see evidence of feedback between increasing VPD and stomatal control. (orig.)Available from TIB Hannover: RR 6341(85) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman