Important roles of odontoblast membrane phospholipids in early dentin mineralization

The objective of this study was to first identify the timing and location of early mineralization of mouse first molar, and subsequently, to characterize the nucleation site for mineral formation in dentin from a materials science viewpoint and evaluate the effect of environmental cues (pH) affecting early dentin formation. Early dentin mineralization in mouse first molars began in the buccal central cusp on post-natal day 0 (P0), and was first hypothesized to involve collagen fibers. However, elemental mapping indicated the co-localization of phospholipids with collagen fibers in the early mineralization area. Co-localization of phosphatidylserine and annexin V, a functional protein that binds to plasma membrane phospholipids, indicated that phospholipids in the pre-dentin matrix were derived from the plasma membrane. A 3-dimensional in vitro biomimetic mineralization assay confirmed that phospholipids from the plasma membrane are critical factors initiating mineralization. Additionally, the direct measurement of the tooth germ pH, indicated it to be alkaline. The alkaline environment markedly enhanced the mineralization of cell membrane phospholipids. These results indicate that cell membrane phospholipids are nucleation sites for mineral formation, and could be important materials for bottom-up approaches aiming for rapid and more complex fabrication of dentin-like structures

SlIAA9 Controls Tomato Elongation

Tomato INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID9 (SlIAA9) is a transcriptional repressor in auxin signal transduction, and SlIAA9 knockout tomato plants develop parthenocarpic fruits without fertilization. We generated sliaa9 mutants with parthenocarpy in several commercial tomato cultivars (Moneymaker, Rio Grande, and Ailsa Craig) using CRISPR-Cas9, and null-segregant lines in the T1 generation were isolated by self-pollination, which was confirmed by PCR and Southern blot analysis. We then estimated shoot growth phenotypes of the mutant plants under different light (low and normal) conditions. The shoot length of sliaa9 plants in Moneymaker and Rio Grande was smaller than those of wild-type cultivars in low light conditions, whereas there was not clear difference between the mutant of Ailsa Craig and the wild-type under both light conditions. Furthermore, young seedlings in Rio Grande exhibited shade avoidance response in hypocotyl growth, in which the hypocotyl lengths were increased in low light conditions, and sliaa9 mutant seedlings of Ailsa Craig exhibited enhanced responses in this phenotype. Fruit production and growth rates were similar among the sliaa9 mutant tomato cultivars. These results suggest that control mechanisms involved in the interaction of AUX/IAA9 and lights condition in elongation growth differ among commercial tomato cultivars

Risk factors for HPV infection and high-grade cervical disease in sexually active Japanese women

Funding Information: This work was supported by the Health and Labor Sciences Research Grant [26272001] and the Japanese Agency for Medical Research and Development [JP15ck0106103].Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Bivalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Effectiveness in a Japanese Population : High Vaccine-Type-Specific Effectiveness and Evidence of Cross-Protection

Acknowledgments.  We thank Dr Tomomi Egawa-Takata, Dr Akiko Morimoto, Dr Yusuke Tanaka, Ms Asami Yagi, Ms Yuka Watanabe, Ms Sachiko Ono, Ms Anna Ishida, and the administrators of Niigata, Nagaoka, Shibata, Sanjo, Joetsu, and Mitsuke cities for their support in conducting the survey. Financial support. This work was supported by the Health and Labor Sciences Research Grant (26272001) and the Japanese Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) under grant number JP15ck0106103 and JP17ck0106369.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Suspension of proactive recommendations for HPV vaccination has led to a significant increase in HPV infection rates in young Japanese women : real-world data

Funding Information: We would like to thank Ms. Yuka Watanabe, Ms. Sachiko Ono, Ms. Anna Ishida, and administrator of Niigata city for their support in conducting the survey. This work was supported by the Japanese Agency for Medical Research and Development (JP15ck0106103).Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Epidemiologic profile of type-specific human papillomavirus infection after initiation of HPV vaccination

Funding Information: This work was supported by the Health and Labor Sciences Research Grant [26272001] and the Japanese Agency for Medical Research and Development [JP15ck0106103]. Acknowledgments: We would like to thank Yuka Watanabe, Sachiko Ono, Anna Ishida, Yoko Motoki and the administrator of Niigata city for their support in conducting the surveyPeer reviewedPublisher PD

Genome editing in plants using CRISPR type I-D nuclease

Genome editing in plants has advanced greatly by applying the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs)-Cas system, especially CRISPR-Cas9. However, CRISPR type I—the most abundant CRISPR system in bacteria—has not been exploited for plant genome modification. In type I CRISPR-Cas systems, e.g., type I-E, Cas3 nucleases degrade the target DNA in mammals. Here, we present a type I-D (TiD) CRISPR-Cas genome editing system in plants. TiD lacks the Cas3 nuclease domain; instead, Cas10d is the functional nuclease in vivo. TiD was active in targeted mutagenesis of tomato genomic DNA. The mutations generated by TiD differed from those of CRISPR/Cas9; both bi-directional long-range deletions and short indels mutations were detected in tomato cells. Furthermore, TiD can be used to efficiently generate bi-allelic mutant plants in the first generation. These findings indicate that TiD is a unique CRISPR system that can be used for genome engineering in plants

Japan's Ongoing Crisis on HPV Vaccination.

Funding: This work was supported by the Health and Labor Sciences Research Grant [26272001] and the Japanese Agency for Medical Research and Development [JP15ck0106103]. Acknowledgments: We would like to thank Yuka Watanabe, Sachiko Ono, Anna Ishida, Yoko Motoki, Tomomi Egawa-Takata, Akiko Morimoto, Yusuke Tanaka and the administrator of Niigata city for their support in conducting the surveyPeer reviewedPublisher PD

Internet Survey of Awareness and Behavior Related to HPV Vaccination in Japan

Funding Information: Funding: This work was supported by the Health and Labor Sciences Research Grant No. 26272001 and the Japanese Agency for Medical Research and Development (JP15ck0106103).Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Long-term effectiveness of HPV vaccination against HPV infection in young Japanese women : Real-world data.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to thank Ms. Yuka Watanabe, Ms. Sachiko Ono, Ms. Anna Ishida, and the administrator of Niigata city for their support in conducting the surveyPeer reviewedPublisher PD