Chemicals pofile of Kelakai leaves extracts (Stenochlaena palustris) with antioxidant and antibacterial activity against Aeromonas hydrophila

Kelakai (Stenochlaena palustris) is a typical Kalimantan plant that has been used by Banjar and Dayak communities as traditional medicine and vegetable. This study aimed to examine the potential of kelakai leaves extracts as a natural product to inhibit Aeromonas hydrophila growth. This research included kelakai leaves sampling in Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan, Indonesia, extraction (EtOH 1:4 w/v), phytochemical and chemicals profile screening (LCMS), prediction of biological activity (PASS server), antibacterial activity (broth dilution), antioxidant activity (DPPH), total phenol (gallic acid equivalent), total flavonoid (quercetin equivalent), and total alkaloid (caffeine equivalent). The phytochemical screening showed that the kelakai leaves extract contained saponins, tannins, phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, anthraquinones, triterpenoids, and steroids. The chemicals profile of the kelakai leaves ethanol extract consisting of alkaloids, alcohols, amines, amine alcohols, amino acids, fatty acids, flavonoids, glycosylglucose, lipid derivatives, monocarboxylic acid, saponins, steroids, and terpenoids. Prediction of biological activity showed kelakai leaves extract an inhibitor of the peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase enzyme and free radical scavenger. The antibacterial assay showed that kelakai leaves extract could inhibit the growth of A. hydrophila. In addition, kelakai leaves extract showed very strong antioxidant potential (IC50 42.47 ± 0.98 µg/mL), with a total phenol content of 193.97 ± 0.11 mg GAE/g, total flavonoid 23.45 ± 0.14 mg QE/g, and total alkaloid 11.74 ± 0.10 mg CE/g. These research findings show that the ethanol extract of kelakai leaves could be antibacterial against A. hydrophila, which is closely related to its antioxidant properties

Protein Aeromonas Hydrophila Sebagai Vaksin untuk Pengendalian Mas (Motile Aeromonas Septicemia) pada Jambal Siam (Pangasius hypophthalamus)

Objectives of this study were to find out the protein of Aeromonas hydrophila for vaccine, and to evaluate the efficacy of the protein to control Motile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS) in catfish (Pangasius hypophthalamus). A. hydrophila was isolated from the kidney of diseased catfish. The isolate was cultured, sonicated and sentrifuged into cell-free extract and debris. The protein in the cell-free extract was precipitated with ammonium sulphate, dialized, then fractionated by gel filtration column chromatography on Sephadex G150. The concentration of protein were estimated by spectrophotometer at 280 nm. Fractions obtained from the gel filtration with high concentration of protein were analized by sodium dodocyl sulphate-polyachrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The protein bands obtained from SDS-PAGE with molecular weight more than 10 kDa were tested for immunogenicity to mice. Futhermore, the most immunogenic protein was used for fish vaccination. The vaccinated and unvaccinated fishes were chalenged with A. hydrophila. The results indicated that vaccination with the protein significantly increased (P<0.01) the antibody titer either in mice or catfish. Relative Percent Survival of catfish vaccinated with the protein at 5; 7.5; and 10 µg/fish were 61.54%, 80.77% and 76.92%, respectively. The optimum dose of vaccine was 8.33 µg/fish with maximum RPS of 82.05%