Predictors of 50 Day In-Hospital Mortality in Decompensated Cirrhosis Patients with Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis

Aim: Predictors of 50 day in-hospital mortality in decompensated cirrhosis patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP)

Predictors of fifty days in-hospital mortality in patients with culture negative neutrocytic ascites

Abstract Background Culture negative neutrocytic ascites is a variant of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. But there are conflicting reports regarding the mortality associated with culture negativeneutrocytic ascites. Therefore we aim to determine the predictors of mortality associated with culture negativeneutrocytic ascites in a larger sample population. Methods We analysed 170 patients consecutively admitted to intensive care unit with diagnosis of culture negative neutrocytic ascites. The clinical, laboratory parameters, etiology of liver cirrhosis was determined along with the scores like model for end stage liver disease, child turcotte pugh were recorded. Results The 50 day in-hospital mortality rate in culture negative neutrocytic ascites was 39.41% (n = 67). In univariate analysis, means of parameters like total leucocyte count, urea, bilirubin, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, international normalized ratio, acute kidney injury, septic shock, hepatic encephalopathy and model for end stage liver disease were significantly different among survived and those who died (P value ≤0.05). Cox proportional regression model showed the hazard ratio (HR) of acute kidney injury was 2.212 (95% CI: 1.334–3.667), septic shock (HR = 1.895, 95% CI: 1.081–3.323) and model for end stage liver disease (HR = 1.054, 95% CI: 1.020–1.090). Receiver operating characteristics curve showed aspartate aminotransferase (AST) had highest area under the curve 0.761 (95% CI: 0.625–0.785). Conclusion Patients with culture negative neutrocytic ascites have a mortality rate comparable to spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), acute kidney injury (AKI), model for end stage liver disease (MELD) and septic shock are the independent predictors of 50 days in-hospital mortality in culture negative neutrocytic ascites

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Not AvailableIndiscriminate use of pesticides and insecticides has caused an alarming threat to both environment as well as human health. This has diverted the attention of scientists to find out natural enemies of insect pests. Entomopathogenic nematodes have displayed a satisfactory potential in this regard calming to get rid of insect pests through eco-friendly and highly specific approach. Ease in their mass production and high compatibility with other control agents has raised their importance in integrated pest management. Molecular insights related to symbiotic association between nematode and bacteria in their gut, specific markers, genomic and proteomic studies have further explored many dimensions which will serve the field in near future. These biocontrol agents have been accepted worldwide which is evident from huge literature availability related to them.Not Availabl

Global evaluation of heavy metal content in surface water bodies: A meta-analysis using heavy metal pollution indices and multivariate statistical analyses

Gyasi-Agyei, Y ORCiD: 0000-0002-2671-1180Water is polluted by increasing activities of population and the necessity to provide them with goods and services that use water as a vital resource. The contamination of water due to heavy metals (HMs) is a big concern for humankind; however, global studies related to this topic are scarce. Thus, the current review assesses the content of HMs in surface water bodies throughout the world from 1994 to 2019. To achieve this goal, multivariate analyses were applied in order to determine the possible sources of HMs. Among the analyzed HMs in a total of 147 publications, the average content of Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, As and Cd exceeded the permissible limits suggested by WHO and USEPA. The results of the heavy metal pollution index, evaluation index, the degree of contamination, water pollution and toxicity load showed that the examined water bodies are highly polluted by HMs. The results of median lethal toxicity index showed maximum toxicity in As, Co, Cr and Ni in the surface water bodies. Results of ingestion and dermal pathways for adults and children in the current analyzed review showed that As is the major contam-inant. Moreover, Cr, Ni, As and Cd showed values that could be considered as a high risk for cancer generation via the ingestion pathway as compared to the dermal route. It is recommended that reme-diation techniques such as the introduction of aquatic phytoremediation plant species and adsorbents should be included in land management plans in order to reduce human risks