311 research outputs found
Moines ou seigneurs : qui sont les fondateurs ?
Dans les Alpes occidentales comme dans toute lâEurope mĂ©diĂ©vale, la multiplication autour de lâan Mil des fondations de prieurĂ©s bĂ©nĂ©dictins constitue une cĂ©sure majeure, parce quâelle insĂ©ra en profondeur le monachisme dans la sociĂ©tĂ©, engageant ainsi un processus qui trouvera son apogĂ©e au cours de la rĂ©forme grĂ©gorienne. Selon les points de vue de lâhistoriographie, cette multiplication des prieurĂ©s est tantĂŽt perçue comme la consĂ©quence de lâessor des fondations seigneuriales, tantĂŽt comme celui dâun nouvel essor du monachisme, dĂ©sormais soucieux dâ« inclusion » sociale. Ă travers quelques exemples pris dans les actuels espaces savoyards et dauphinois, cette contribution sâattachera Ă analyser le rĂŽle respectif des seigneurs et des monastĂšres dans la fondation des prieurĂ©s, quâil convient dâĂ©tudier comme un processus complexe, autour duquel de multiples intervenants tissaient de nouveaux liens sociaux.In the Western Alps as in the whole medieval Europe, the multiplication around the year thousand of the foundations of benedictines priories constitutes a major caesura, because it inserted profoundly the monachism in the society, thus engaging a process which will find its apogee during the gregorian reform. According to points of viewâs of historiography, this multiplication of the priories is sometimes perceived like the consequence of the rise of the seignorials foundations, sometimes like a new soaring of the monachism, from now on concerned by social âinclusionâ. Through some examples taken in current spaces of Savoy and of DauphinĂ©, this contribution will attempt to analyze the respective part of the lords and the monasteries in the foundation of the priories, which it is advisable to study like a complex process, around whose multiple actors wove new social bonds
Moines ou seigneurs : qui sont les fondateurs ?
Dans les Alpes occidentales comme dans toute lâEurope mĂ©diĂ©vale, la multiplication autour de lâan Mil des fondations de prieurĂ©s bĂ©nĂ©dictins constitue une cĂ©sure majeure, parce quâelle insĂ©ra en profondeur le monachisme dans la sociĂ©tĂ©, engageant ainsi un processus qui trouvera son apogĂ©e au cours de la rĂ©forme grĂ©gorienne. Selon les points de vue de lâhistoriographie, cette multiplication des prieurĂ©s est tantĂŽt perçue comme la consĂ©quence de lâessor des fondations seigneuriales, tantĂŽt comme celui dâun nouvel essor du monachisme, dĂ©sormais soucieux dâ« inclusion » sociale. Ă travers quelques exemples pris dans les actuels espaces savoyards et dauphinois, cette contribution sâattachera Ă analyser le rĂŽle respectif des seigneurs et des monastĂšres dans la fondation des prieurĂ©s, quâil convient dâĂ©tudier comme un processus complexe, autour duquel de multiples intervenants tissaient de nouveaux liens sociaux.In the Western Alps as in the whole medieval Europe, the multiplication around the year thousand of the foundations of benedictines priories constitutes a major caesura, because it inserted profoundly the monachism in the society, thus engaging a process which will find its apogee during the gregorian reform. According to points of viewâs of historiography, this multiplication of the priories is sometimes perceived like the consequence of the rise of the seignorials foundations, sometimes like a new soaring of the monachism, from now on concerned by social âinclusionâ. Through some examples taken in current spaces of Savoy and of DauphinĂ©, this contribution will attempt to analyze the respective part of the lords and the monasteries in the foundation of the priories, which it is advisable to study like a complex process, around whose multiple actors wove new social bonds
Les dĂ©serts de lâOccident. MonastĂšres et sociĂ©tĂ©, fin ive-dĂ©but vie siĂšcle (Italie, Provence, bassin rhodanien)
Pour un mĂ©diĂ©viste, un monastĂšre constitue un lieu sacrĂ©, soustrait Ă lâespace profane par sa clĂŽture, mais aussi par un droit particulier (exemption, immunitĂ©, etc.). Pour un spĂ©cialiste de lâAntiquitĂ© tardive, la question se pose de maniĂšre diffĂ©rente, dans la mesure oĂč le terme de monasterium avait alors une valeur polysĂ©mique et pouvait sâappliquer Ă des formes trĂšs diverses de vie religieuse. Les sources du ve siĂšcle qualifient ainsi de monasterium aussi bien un ermitage quâune communaut..
Simulation : Le coeur numérique par Hervé Delingette et Miguel Fernandez. De l'ordinateur à la clinique, entretien avec JérÎme Garot, propos recueillis par Dominique Chouchan. Améliorer les performances des implants cardiaques par Alain Ripart
National audienceUn modÚle numérique du coeur et des fonctions cardiaques, c'est presque pour demain. Médecins et informaticiens s'associent pour s'attaquer aux maladies cardiovasculaires, la premiÚre cause de mortalité dans le monde
La « DĂ©dition » de Nice Ă la Maison de Savoie : analyse critique dâun concept historiographique
Peut-on considĂ©rer que lâentrĂ©e en 1388 du comte AmĂ©dĂ©e VII dans la ville de Nice ait pu ĂȘtre la consĂ©quence dâune libre âDĂ©ditionâ des Niçois Ă la maison de Savoie ? La question peut sembler iconoclaste, mais elle mĂ©rite dâĂȘtre posĂ©e puisque le terme de âDĂ©ditionâ ne constitue quâun nĂ©ologisme moderne, qui apparut pour la premiĂšre fois au XVIIe siĂšcle sous la plume des historiens niçois HonorĂ© Pastorelli et Pierre Gioffredo. EngendrĂ© par lâĂ©rudition niçoise de lâĂąge classique, le terme de â..
Le royaume de Bourgogne autour de lâan Mil
Aucun Ătat moderne ou contemporain nâayant jamais cherchĂ© Ă se situer dans lâhĂ©ritage du royaume de Bourgogne, cette monarchie post-carolingienne nâa pas suscitĂ© un grand intĂ©rĂȘt chez les historiens. Longtemps laissĂ©e aux bons soins des seuls Ă©rudits locaux, son histoire ne fut ainsi pour la premiĂšre fois Ă©crite quâen 1901 et 1907, dans les deux ouvrages que RenĂ© Poupardin consacra aux deux royaumes de Bourgogne  : celui, septentrional, des Rodolphiens, et celui, provençal, des Bosonides, qui..
Robust and Generalisable Segmentation of Subtle Epilepsy-causing Lesions: a Graph Convolutional Approach
Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is a leading cause of drug-resistant focal
epilepsy, which can be cured by surgery. These lesions are extremely subtle and
often missed even by expert neuroradiologists. "Ground truth" manual lesion
masks are therefore expensive, limited and have large inter-rater variability.
Existing FCD detection methods are limited by high numbers of false positive
predictions, primarily due to vertex- or patch-based approaches that lack
whole-brain context. Here, we propose to approach the problem as semantic
segmentation using graph convolutional networks (GCN), which allows our model
to learn spatial relationships between brain regions. To address the specific
challenges of FCD identification, our proposed model includes an auxiliary loss
to predict distance from the lesion to reduce false positives and a weak
supervision classification loss to facilitate learning from uncertain lesion
masks. On a multi-centre dataset of 1015 participants with surface-based
features and manual lesion masks from structural MRI data, the proposed GCN
achieved an AUC of 0.74, a significant improvement against a previously used
vertex-wise multi-layer perceptron (MLP) classifier (AUC 0.64). With
sensitivity thresholded at 67%, the GCN had a specificity of 71% in comparison
to 49% when using the MLP. This improvement in specificity is vital for
clinical integration of lesion-detection tools into the radiological workflow,
through increasing clinical confidence in the use of AI radiological adjuncts
and reducing the number of areas requiring expert review.Comment: accepted at MICCAI 202
Extent of piriform cortex resection in children with temporal lobe epilepsy
OBJECTIVE: A greater extent of resection of the temporal portion of the piriform cortex (PC) has been shown to be associated with higher likelihood of seizure freedom in adults undergoing anterior temporal lobe resection (ATLR) for drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). There have been no such studies in children, therefore this study aimed to investigate this association in a pediatric cohort. METHODS: A retrospective, neuroimaging cohort study of children with TLE who underwent ATLR between 2012 and 2021 was undertaken. The PC, hippocampal and amygdala volumes were measured on the preoperative and postoperative T1-weighted MRI. Using these volumes, the extent of resection per region was compared between the seizure-free and not seizure-free groups. RESULTS: In 50 children (median age 9.5âyears) there was no significant difference between the extent of resection of the temporal PC in the seizure-free (medianâ=â50%, nâ=â33/50) versus not seizure-free (medianâ=â40%, nâ=â17/50) groups (pâ=â0.26). In a sub-group of 19 with ipsilateral hippocampal atrophy (quantitatively defined by ipsilateral-to-contralateral asymmetry), the median extent of temporal PC resection was greater in children who were seizure-free (53%) versus those not seizure-free (19%) (pâ=â0.009). INTERPRETATION: This is the first study demonstrating that, in children with TLE and hippocampal atrophy, more extensive temporal PC resection is associated with a greater chance of seizure freedom-compatible with an adult series in which 85% of patients had hippocampal sclerosis. In a combined group of children with and without hippocampal atrophy, the extent of PC resection was not associated with seizure outcome, suggesting different epileptogenic networks within this cohort
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