PERBANDINGAN KUANTITAS DAN KUALITAS DNA Escherichia coli HASIL EKSTRAKSI MENGGUNAKAN KIT KOMERSIAL BERBASIS FILTER DENGAN METODE ALKALINE LYSIS

ABSTRAK  Pendahuluan: Penegakan diagnosis sepsis yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Escherichia coli membutuhkan waktu yang cepat dan hasil yang akurat untuk meningkatkan sensitivitas dan spesifisitas metode diagnosisnya. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) adalah metode diagnosis yang cepat dan sensitif yang dapat digunakan dan memerlukan metode ekstraksi DNA. Metode ekstraksi DNA Filter Based Kit yang sering digunakan bersifat single use dan memerlukan biaya yang mahal. Alkaline Lysis adalah penyederhanaan metode ekstraksi DNA, namun metode ini belum diketahui dapat menghasilkan kuantitas dan kualitas ekstrak DNA yang lebih tinggi dan lebih baik daripada Filter Based Kit. Penelitian ini akan membandingkan hasil ekstraksi DNA dari metode ekstraksi DNA Filter Based Kit (FBK) dengan Alkaline Lysis (AL) berdasarkan kuantitas DNA (yield) dan kualitas DNA (purity).Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental in vitro dengan membandingkan hasil ekstraksi DNA menggunakan metode FBK dengan AL pada konsentrasi E. coli sebesar 108 dan 1012 CFU/ml dan dengan kontrol Normal Saline tanpa bakteri. Pengukuran kuantitas dan kualitas dilakukan menggunakan Spektrofotometer NanoDrop pada λ=260 nm dan 280 nm. Analisa data statistik dilakukan menggunakan metode uji ANOVA dan uji post hoc dengan LSD.Hasil: Hasil kuantitas DNA di konsentrasi 1012 CFU/ml pada metode FBK adalah 57,60 ± 21,96 µg/ml, sedangkan pada metode AL sebesar 18,40 ± 1,14 µg/ml. Pada konsentrasi 1012 CFU/ml, hasil kemurnian DNA dari kedua metode memiliki nilai rasio absorbansi 1,6-2,0. Hasil kuantitas DNA pada 108 CFU/ml metode FBK adalah 19,40 ± 1,67 µg/ml sedangkan pada AL sebesar 7,40 ± 1,52 µg/ml, namun hasil kemurnian DNA pada metode AL didapatkan >2,0 dan pada FBK sebesar 1,9. Pada kontrol, kuantitas DNA yang didapatkan <0,2 µg/ml dengan kemurnian DNA yang tidak terdeteksi.Kesimpulan: Metode FBK menghasilkan DNA dengan kuantitas dan kualitas yang lebih baik daripada AL.Kata Kunci: Ekstraksi DNA, filter based kit, alkaline lysis, Escherichia col

Pemodelan dan Simulasi Kinerja Downdraft Gasifier Menggunakan Teknik Minimisasi Energi Bebas Gibbs

Gibbs free energy minimization method has been used in modelling the performance of a downdraft gasifier. The performance is represented by the composition of resulting gas. Sixteen gases considered are H2, CO, CH4, H2O, CO2, N2, C2H2, C2H4, C2H6, NO, NO2, N2O, HCN, NH3, H2S and SO2. The simulation is carried out making used of EXCEL. The result showed that the predicted value of model fit reasonably well with experimental data. The model was also used to investigate the influence of biomass composition, oxidant ratio and composition of oxidizing agent to composition of the resulting gas. Three kinds of biomass considered are oil palm shell,oil palm frond and empty fruit bunch. The oxidant ratio simulated is varied from 0 to 1 while composition of oxidizing agent is varied from 21% - 100% oxigen. The simulation result showed that those three parameters play an important role in gasification process which in combination can produce total H2 and CO up to more than 85%

Desain & Validasi Perangkat Eksperimen Induksi Elektromagnetik Alternatif sebagai Media Pembelajaran Fisika SMA

The purpose of this research was to develop are alternative equipment of electromagnetic induction experiment as physics teaching and learning media, resulting in a viable and valid device used as a media of instruction. The object of this research was an experiment equipment consist of experiment tool and guided book. Data was collected by using assessment sheets of validation that has been given to validators, in which 3 validators were lecturers as expert and 2 validators were physics teachers. The data was analyzed descriptively to find index of validity of experiment equipment. We found that experiment equipment validation was 3,78 with the very high category and experiment guided book with validation was 3,74 with the very high category. Based on the data analysis we have been concluded that an experiment equipment of alternative electromagnetic induction as the media in learning physics at SMA can be said valid with the very high category and feasible to be done trial at school

Dampak Bantuan Sosial Penguatan Lembaga Distribusi Pangan Masyarakat (P-ldpm) terhadap Kinerja Gapoktan di Kecamatan Natar Kabupaten Lampung Selatan

This research aims to assess the impact of P-LDPM on Gapoktan performances and rice farmers incomes member of Gapoktan in Natar District South Lampung Regency. The sample of this research includes two Gapoktan's chairman, and 26 rice farmers from Gapoktan Pendowo (P-LDPM recipient) and Gapoktan Mekar Sari (non P-LDPM recipient). The data collection was conducted from April to May 2015. Performance of Gapoktan was analyzed by quantitative descriptive analysis; income of rice farmers was analyzed by independent t-test of two samples. The result of this research showed that P-LDPM gave impact on Gapoktan performance. This could be seen from the recipient of P-LDPM Gapoktan performance that showed a good performance, in two performance indicators set by the Ministry of Agriculture in 2013. While, non recipients P-LDPM Gapoktan only showed good performance in one indicator. Income of the farmer was not impacted by P-LDPM yet, this could be seen from the results of independent t-test of two samples analysis that showed no significant difference in the average income per hectare between recipients and non-recipients of Gapoktan members

Asymptotic normality of the Parzen-Rosenblatt density estimator for strongly mixing random fields

We prove the asymptotic normality of the kernel density estimator (introduced by Rosenblatt (1956) and Parzen (1962)) in the context of stationary strongly mixing random fields. Our approach is based on the Lindeberg's method rather than on Bernstein's small-block-large-block technique and coupling arguments widely used in previous works on nonparametric estimation for spatial processes. Our method allows us to consider only minimal conditions on the bandwidth parameter and provides a simple criterion on the (non-uniform) strong mixing coefficients which do not depend on the bandwith.Comment: 16 page

Prescription of rhythmic patterns for legged locomotion

As the engine behind many life phenomena, motor information generated by the central nervous system (CNS) plays a critical role in the activities of all animals. In this work, a novel, macroscopic and model-independent approach is presented for creating different patterns of coupled neural oscillations observed in biological central pattern generators (CPG) during the control of legged locomotion. Based on a simple distributed state machine, which consists of two nodes sharing pre-defined number of resources, the concept of oscillatory building blocks (OBBs) is summarised for the production of elaborated rhythmic patterns. Various types of OBBs can be designed to construct a motion joint of one degree-of-freedom (DOF) with adjustable oscillatory frequencies and duty cycles. An OBBs network can thus be potentially built to generate a full range of locomotion patterns of a legged animal with controlled transitions between different rhythmic patterns. It is shown that gait pattern transition can be achieved by simply changing a single parameter of an OBB module. Essentially this simple mechanism allows for the consolidation of a methodology for the construction of artificial CPG architectures behaving as an asymmetric Hopfield neural network. Moreover, the proposed CPG model introduced here is amenable to analogue and/or digital circuit integration

Influence of CO2-Ar Mixtures as Shielding Gas on Laser Welding of Al-Mg Alloys

In this study, AA5083 samples were butt welded under a conduction regime with high-power diode laser (HPDL). Various mixtures composed of Ar and CO2 were used as a shielding gas. The influence of the shielding gas composition on the microstructure and on the properties of laser welds was analyzed. The weld beads were deeply characterized by metallographic/micro- structural studies, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray energy dispersive spectrometry (X-EDS) chemical analyses, X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), microhardness, and tensile strength. The corrosion resistance of laser-remelted surfaces with different CO2/Ar ratios was also estimated by means of electrochemical tests. The addition of CO2 to the shielding gas results in a better weld penetration and oxidizes the weld pool surface. This addition also promotes the migration of Mg toward the surface of weld beads and induces the formation of magnesium aluminates spinel on the welds. The best corrosion resistance result is achieved with 20 pct CO2. The overall results indicate that the addition of small percentage of CO2 to Ar leads to improvements of the mechanical and corrosion properties of the aluminum welds

Characterization of Intact Proviruses in Blood and Lymph Node from HIV-Infected Individuals Undergoing Analytical Treatment Interruption.

The role of lymphoid tissue as a potential source of HIV-1 rebound following interruption of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is uncertain. To address this issue, we compared the latent viruses obtained from CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood and lymph nodes to viruses emerging during treatment interruption. Latent viruses were characterized by sequencing near-full-length (NFL) proviral DNA and env from viral outgrowth assays (VOAs). Five HIV-1-infected individuals on ART were studied, four of whom participated in a clinical trial of a TLR9 agonist that included an analytical treatment interruption. We found that 98% of intact or replication-competent clonal sequences overlapped between blood and lymph node. In contrast, there was no overlap between 205 latent reservoir and 125 rebound sequences in the four individuals who underwent treatment interruption. However, rebound viruses could be accounted for by recombination. The data suggest that CD4+ T cells carrying latent viruses circulate between blood and lymphoid tissues in individuals on ART and support the idea that recombination may play a role in the emergence of rebound viremia.IMPORTANCE HIV-1 persists as a latent infection in CD4+ T cells that can be found in lymphoid tissues in infected individuals during ART. However, the importance of this tissue reservoir and its contribution to viral rebound upon ART interruption are not clear. In this study, we sought to compare latent HIV-1 from blood and lymph node CD4+ T cells from five HIV-1-infected individuals. Further, we analyzed the contribution of lymph node viruses to viral rebound. We observed that the frequencies of intact proviruses were the same in blood and lymph node. Moreover, expanded clones of T cells bearing identical proviruses were found in blood and lymph node. These latent reservoir sequences did not appear to be the direct origin of rebound virus. Instead, latent proviruses were found to contribute to the rebound compartment by recombination