PAYMENT OF THE CAPITAL CONTRIBUTION OF A COMPANY LIMITED BY SHARES IN A CRYPTOCURRENCY

The paper examines whether cryptocurrencies, such as Bitcoin, may be contributed to the share capital of a company limited by shares. The issue is discussed from the point of view of Swiss and Croatian law. In Switzerland, it is an already established practice that cryptocurrencies are accepted as a contribution in kind. On the other hand, in Croatian practice, there have been no registered cases of such attempts. The paper therefore analyses whether such contributions would even be possible under the current regulatory framework and, irrespective of the answer, if some legislative changes would be necessary and/or beneficial

Boosting VOCs elimination by coupling different techniques

International audienceVolatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are known to be hazardous and harmful to human health and the environment. In mixtures or during repeated exposures, significant toxicity of these compounds in trace amounts has been revealed. In vitro air-liquid interface approaches underlined the interest in evaluating the impact of repeated VOC exposure and the importance of carrying out a toxicological validation of the techniques in addition to the standard chemical analyses. The difficulties in sampling and measuring VOCs in stationary source emissions are due to both the complexity of the mixture present and the wide range of concentrations. The coupling of VOC treatment techniques results in efficient systems with lower operating energy consumption. Three main couplings are outlined in this review, highlighting their advantages and relevance. First, adsorption-catalysis coupling is particularly valuable by using adsorption and catalytic oxidation regeneration initiated, for example, by selective dielectric heating. Then, several key aspects of the plasma catalysis process, such as the choice of catalysts suitable for the non-thermal plasma (NTP) environment, the simultaneous removal of different VOCs, and the in situ regeneration of the catalyst by NTP exposure, are discussed. The adsorption-photocatalysis coupling technology is also one of the effective and promising methods for VOC removal. The VOC molecules strongly adsorbed on the surface of the photocatalyst can be directly oxidized by the photogenerated hole on the photocatalyst (e.g., TiO2).Les composés organiques volatils (COV) sont connus pour être dangereux et nocifs pour la santé humaine et l'environnement. Dans des mélanges ou lors d'expositions répétées, une toxicité significative de ces composés à l'état de traces a été révélée. Les approches in vitro de l'interface air-liquide ont souligné l'intérêt d'évaluer l'impact d'une exposition répétée aux COV et l'importance de procéder à une validation toxicologique des techniques en plus des analyses chimiques standard. Les difficultés d'échantillonnage et de mesure des COV dans les émissions de sources fixes sont dues à la fois à la complexité du mélange présent et à la large gamme de concentrations. Le couplage des techniques de traitement des COV permet d'obtenir des systèmes efficaces dont la consommation d'énergie est réduite. Trois couplages principaux sont présentés dans cette revue, en soulignant leurs avantages et leurs pertinences. Tout d'abord, le couplage adsorption-catalyse est particulièrement intéressant en utilisant l'adsorption et la régénération de l'oxydation catalytique initiée, par exemple, par un chauffage diélectrique sélectif. Ensuite, plusieurs aspects clés du procédé de catalyse par plasma, tels que le choix de catalyseurs adaptés à l'environnement du plasma non thermique (NTP), l'élimination simultanée de différents COV et la régénération in situ du catalyseur par exposition au NTP, sont discutés. La technologie de couplage adsorption-photocatalyse est également l'une des méthodes efficaces et prometteuses pour l'élimination des COV. Les molécules de COV fortement adsorbées sur la surface du photocatalyseur peuvent être directement oxydées par le trou photogénéré sur le photocatalyseur (par exemple, TiO2)

Boosting VOCs elimination by coupling different techniques

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are known to be hazardous and harmful to human health and the environment. In mixtures or during repeated exposures, significant toxicity of these compounds in trace amounts has been revealed. In vitro air-liquid interface approaches underlined the interest in evaluating the impact of repeated VOC exposure and the importance of carrying out a toxicological validation of the techniques in addition to the standard chemical analyses. The difficulties in sampling and measuring VOCs in stationary source emissions are due to both the complexity of the mixture present and the wide range of concentrations. The coupling of VOC treatment techniques results in efficient systems with lower operating energy consumption. Three main couplings are outlined in this review, highlighting their advantages and relevance. First, adsorption-catalysis coupling is particularly valuable by using adsorption and catalytic oxidation regeneration initiated, for example, by selective dielectric heating. Then, several key aspects of the plasma catalysis process, such as the choice of catalysts suitable for the non-thermal plasma (NTP) environment, the simultaneous removal of different VOCs, and the in situ regeneration of the catalyst by NTP exposure, are discussed. The adsorption-photocatalysis coupling technology is also one of the effective and promising methods for VOC removal. The VOC molecules strongly adsorbed on the surface of the photocatalyst can be directly oxidized by the photogenerated hole on the photocatalyst (e.g., TiO2)