Identifying Academic Writing Problems Faced by Undergraduate Students at Shah Abdul Latif University Ghotki Campus

It has always been a challenging task for the students at undergraduate level to have mastery in English academic writing. The researcher being a teacher, at the locale of the study had particularly observed that at undergraduate level at Shah Abdul Latif university Ghotki campus, the students are not even able to produce a well coherent and cohesive write-up, when it come to their academic writing in English. This observation persuaded the researcher to investigate and to identify the problems that hinder them in English academic writing. Thus, the study was conducted with an aim to identify the problems that students at Shah Abdul University Ghotki campus face in English Academic writing. The population of this study was the undergraduate students of Shah Abdul Latif University Ghotki Campus. In this connection, purposive sampling technique was employed to select a representative sample from the above mentioned population. The sample for the data was twenty enrolled undergraduate students of Shah Abdul Latif University Ghotki Campus. The design of the study was purely quantitative. The students were asked to write/type an essay on a topic of their choice by using a computer. Their write-ups were analyzed with the help of Markin 4.Ink software. Moreover, the analysis was cross-checked by two (03) other experts in order to establish the reliability of the study. The results showed that most of the students were facing the problems like, sentence formation, subject-verb agreement, punctuation, lack of ideas and vocabulary etc. As a future implication the researcher shall try to design a study to study the causes of the academic writing problems that these students face. Key words: Academic writing, English language, Error Analysis, Content Analysis, writing problems. DOI: 10.7176/RHSS/10-2-07 Publication date: January 31st 202

Comparative clinical assessment of working length endo-motor apex locator versus radiographic method in endo-dontic therapy.

Introduction: The technological and therapeutic advancements suggests that, choosing an appropriate endodontic approach is the key parameter to mitigate over radiation exposure and locating precise root canal length.Objective: Current study aims to evaluate the comparative accuracy of working length apex locator versus radiographic apex locator in in endodontic therapy among patients belonging from Sindh, Pakistan.Methodology: Current four-month duration based cross-sectional study focusing endodontic therapeutic techniques was conducted at Bibi Aseefa Dental College Larkana Sindh Pakistan. 124 patients requiring non-surgical root canal therapy were included in the study for working length apex locator and radiographic apex locator techniques. Film positioner were used to assess the morphology and initial working length of tooth by radiographic apex locator technique. Whereas glide path and working length was achieved with #12/02 M3 – Pro Gold File (United Dental) with 00 reading in Endo-Matic apex locator. Further data analysis was achieved with SPSS Version 20 and Microsoft Office 2010 multiple tools.Results: Among 124 patients, 69 (55.6%) were males and 55 (44.4%) were females with mean age of 33.60±12.87 years. We found comparative accuracy of 77 % of working length apex locator in terms of apical limit determination. Whereas, in case of radiographic apex locators 70 % accuracy was recorded.Conclusion: Working length endomotor with built in apex locators provide satisfac-tory control of apical limit of endodontic treatment and better time saving option, however radiographic confirmations remain the confirmatory length measurement tool to identify the dimension of canal and path obtained by endodontic instru-ment.Keywords: EndoMatic, Electronic Apex Locators, Hybrid Endomotors, Radiograph, Working Length