A Case Report of Matrix-Producing Carcinoma of the Breast during Lactation : A secondary publication

Matrix-producing carcinoma (MPC) of the breast is relatively rare. We report on a case of MPC of the breast during lactation. A female in her 30s noticed a lump in the upper inner and outer quadrants of her left breast 9 months into her pregnancy. She came hospital at one month after delivery. Ultrasonography revealed a hypoechoic tumor with an unclear border region. An MRI revealed a breast tumor approximately 19 mm in size, with dynamic studies demonstrating early contrast and ring enhancement. A core needle biopsy was performed, resulting in an histopathological diagnosis of invasive carcinoma ［Estrogen receptor-, Progesterone receptor-, Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)-; stage I, T1cN0M0］. Breast-conserving surgery and a sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) were performed. The SLNB was negative for cancer. Chemotherapy (FEC100, DTX75) and radiotherapy were performed as adjuvant therapies. Seventeen months after surgery, the patient is recurrence-free

Tumor-containing CEA in Colon Cancers

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in serum and fresh cancer tissue taken at surgery was measured and analyzed in terms of the disease stage. The CEA level in serum (s-CEA ) has become higher with advance in the disease stage. However, in stage V it was lowered as well as CEA level in cancer mass (ca-CEA). It is suggested that S-CEA is influenced by cancer invasion into the vessel wall, tumor necrosis and/or degeneration which ca-CEA may well be migrated from the tumor cells

The tale of TILs in breast cancer : a report from the International Immuno-Oncology Biomarker Working Group

The advent of immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in modern oncology has significantly improved survival in several cancer settings. A subgroup of women with breast cancer (BC) has immunogenic infiltration of lymphocytes with expression of programmed deathligand 1 (PD-L1). These patients may potentially benefit from ICI targeting the programmed death 1 (PD-1)/PD-L1 signaling axis. The use of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) as predictive and prognostic biomarkers has been under intense examination. Emerging data suggest that TILs are associated with response to both cytotoxic treatments and immunotherapy, particularly for patients with triple-negative BC. In this review from The International Immuno-Oncology Biomarker Working Group, we discuss (a) the biological understanding of TILs, (b) their analytical and clinical validity and efforts toward the clinical utility in BC, and (c) the current status of PD-L1 and TIL testing across different continents, including experiences from low-to-middle-income countries, incorporating also the view of a patient advocate. This information will help set the stage for future approaches to optimize the understanding and clinical utilization of TIL analysis in patients with BC.The National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia; the Cure; the Royal Australasian College of Physicians; the NIH/NCI ; the National Breast Cancer Foundation of Australia Endowed Chair; the Breast Cancer Research Foundation, New York and the Breast Cancer Research Foundation (BCRF).www.nature.com/npjbcanceram2022Immunolog

CD1d- and PJA2-related immune microenvironment differs between invasive breast carcinomas with and without a micropapillary feature

Abstract Background Invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC) of the breast is characterized by its unique morphology and frequent nodal metastasis. However, the mechanism for development of this unique subtype has not been clearly elucidated. The aim of this study was to obtain a better understanding of IMPC. Methods Using representative cases of mixed IMPC, mRNA expression in the micropapillary area and usual invasive area was compared. Then, immunohistochemical analyses for 294 cases (76 invasive carcinomas with a micropapillary feature [ICMF] and 218 invasive carcinomas without a micropapillary feature [ICNMF]) were conducted. Clinicopathological analyses were also studied. Results DNA microarray analyses for mixed IMPC showed that BC-1514 (C21orf118) was commonly upregulated in the micropapillary area. CAMK2N1, CD1d, PJA2, RPL5, SAMD13, TCF4, and TXNIP were commonly downregulated in the micropapillary area. Immunohistochemically, we confirmed that BC-1514 was more upregulated in ICMF than in ICNMF. CD1d and PJA2 were more downregulated in ICMF than ICNMF. All patients with cases of PJA2 overexpression survived without cancer recurrence during the follow-up period, although the differences for disease-free (p = 0.153) or overall survival (p = 0.272) were not significant. Conclusions The CD1d- and PJA2-related tumour microenvironment might be crucial for IMPC. Further study of the immune microenvironment and micropapillary features is warranted

Personalized Kampo Medicine Facilitated Both Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Response and Clinical Benefits Induced by Personalized Peptide Vaccination for Advanced Esophageal Cancer

We retrospectively evaluated if personalized Kampo medicine (PKM) could facilitate CTL responses and clinical benefits induced by personalized peptide vaccination (PPV), in which HLA-matched vaccines were selected and administered based on the preexisting host immunity, for advanced esophageal cancer (aEC) patients. Among 34 aEC patients entered in the clinical study, 23 patients received PKM and PPV without (n=12) or with chemotherapy (n=11), while the remaining 11 patients did not receive PKM but received PPV without (n=6) or with chemotherapy (n=5), respectively. Incidence of adverse events was significantly lower or higher in PKM and PPV arm (n=23) or PPV and chemotherapy arm (n=16) as compared to that of the counter arm (n=11 or 18), respectively. Postvaccination PBMCs from the patients undergoing PKM and PPV showed significantly higher CTL responses as compared to the counter arm. The median progression-free survival (PFS) or median survival time (MST) of 34 patients was 2.9 or 7.6 months, respectively. The combination therapy in PPV and PKM arm, but not that in PPV and chemotherapy arm, significantly (P=0.02) prolonged MST. These results could warrant a next step of prospective clinical study of PKM and PPV for aEC patients