The influence of language on the formation of number concepts; Evidence from pre-school children who are bilingual in English and Arabic

This study examined the role of language on early number concepts from the perspective of bilingualism. Arabic/English bilinguals were studied since the Arabic language provides a distinctive linguistic context for the learner through its system of nominal number marking. Arabic is unusual in distinguishing between singular, dual and plural nouns. When a noun appears in dual form it is interpreted as referring to precisely two entities. Research suggests that exposure to dual case provides accelerated access to the concept of two. We asked whether early number knowledge in general is influenced by such exposure, and further examined the extent to which such influence is either (a) limited to number knowledge as expressed in the Arabic language, or (b) extended to include number knowledge as expressed in the English language. Furthermore, we examined the relationship between transcoding and number knowledge. A sample of 77 Arabic/English bilingual children was recruited. Arabic and English language skills, knowledge of the spoken number sequence in Arabic and English and comprehension of dual case nominal number marking in Arabic were assessed. Early number concepts were assessed in Arabic and English languages through cardinality and number identification testing, employing a widely used procedure and including comparison of the range of scoring systems represented in the literature. Convergent results from logistic and linear regression analyses demonstrated that number concepts assessed in Arabic, but not English, showed significant independent influence of dual case comprehension, indicating linguistic specificity of early number concepts. However, extended statistical models showed significant further influence of English concepts of Arabic concepts and vice versa. Furthermore, cardinality concepts played an important role in transcoding skills in both languages. However, the pattern of mutual transfer of cardinality concepts between languages was not found for transcoding skills. Our findings indicate that very early number concepts, developed within a specific set of linguistic contexts, may be represented at an abstract level, capable of transfer across languages

Ontology Modelling for FDA Adverse Event Reporting System

Ontologies are relevant to a specific knowledge or application domain and it represents a set of concepts and their inter-relationships. Ontological design comprises of ontology development process, the ontology life cycle, the techniques and methodologies for building ontologies, and the tools and language that support them. A possible ontology model for FDA Adverse Event Reporting System(FAERS), using METHONTOLOGY is proposed in this paper

Analysis of nonlinear modes of variation for functional data

A set of curves or images of similar shape is an increasingly common functional data set collected in the sciences. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is the most widely used technique to decompose variation in functional data. However, the linear modes of variation found by PCA are not always interpretable by the experimenters. In addition, the modes of variation of interest to the experimenter are not always linear. We present in this paper a new analysis of variance for Functional Data. Our method was motivated by decomposing the variation in the data into predetermined and interpretable directions (i.e. modes) of interest. Since some of these modes could be nonlinear, we develop a new defined ratio of sums of squares which takes into account the curvature of the space of variation. We discuss, in the general case, consistency of our estimates of variation, using mathematical tools from differential geometry and shape statistics. We successfully applied our method to a motivating example of biological data. This decomposition allows biologists to compare the prevalence of different genetic tradeoffs in a population and to quantify the effect of selection on evolution.Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/07-EJS080 the Electronic Journal of Statistics (http://www.i-journals.org/ejs/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org

Pengaruh Corporate Governance dan Kualitas Audit terhadap Kinerja Keuangan pada Perusahaan Lq45 yang Terdaftar di Bei

The principle of a consistent Corporate Governance will preclude the possibility of engineering performance which resulted in the value of the company\u27s fundamentals are not reflected in the financial statements. Quality audit is very important because of the high quality of audit will produce reliable financial reports as the basis for decision making. This research was conducted at company of LQ45 company which listed in Bursa Efek Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to test partially and simultaneously the influence of corporate governance and audit quality on financial performance at LQ45 company listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange year 2011-2016. This type of research is quantitative research. The object of this study is the banking sector companies in LQ45 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2011-2016. Data analysis method used is descriptive analysis and multiple regression with the help of IBM SPSS Statistic 23 License. Based on statistical calculations with SPSS, it can be seen the results of partial test of corporate governance has no significant effect on financial performance because the value of beta coefficient = 0,014 greater than the required level of significance is 0,071> 0,05. And audit quality have positive significant effect to financial performance because beta coefficient value = -0,010 is smaller than required level of significance that is 0,007 <0,05. Meanwhile, if simultaneously tested corporate governance and audit quality have a significant positive impact on financial performance because the value of ANOVA Sig = 0,022 is smaller than required level of significance that is 0,022 <0,05

Revealing the Extent of Kindergarten Teachers' practicing of some Activities to Develop

The study aimed at identifying the extent to which kindergarten teachers practiced some of the activities of developing sensory and creative thinking on the kindergarten children in the city of Amman, and knowing the level of practice of teachers in kindergartens of the activities of the development of sensory and creative thinking which was prepared by the researchers according to "the number of years of experience, and the type of qualification and academic degree. For this purpose, the researchers designed a questionnaire consisted of (47) items in which two types of activities were chosen, which develop thinking patterns: sensory (24) activities and creative (23) activities and applied them to (78) kindergarten teachers in the regions of Amman City. The researchers relied on the SPSS statistical program and the Kruskal-Walls test was used to determine the significance of the differences in the sample responses. The study has reached the following conclusions: The practice of kindergarten teachers for some activities of the development of motor sensory thinking among the kindergarten children in the city of Amman was high, the arithmetic mean reached (2.53) for some sensory thinking activities, which was slightly more than the creativity that reached (2.39). The results also showed that there are no differences in the implementation of activities related to the development of sensory thinking and creative thinking in research by kindergarten teachers due to the number of years of experience variable. The views of kindergarten teachers are similar in the application of activities related to the development of sensory thinking and creative thinking, whatever their scientific qualifications. Keywords: activities for the development of sensory thinking, activities for the development of creative thinking, kindergartens

Business Innovation through knowledge sharing: An applied study on the Jordanian Mobile Telecommunications Sector

The study aimed to identify and examine the influence of the individual and organizational knowledge sharing enablers on knowledge sharing behavior that leads to develop firm innovation capability. A descriptive analytical methodology approach was adopted in this research. For the purpose of data collection; a questionnaire was developed and administered for collecting data from the sample. 150 questionnaires were distributed randomly to employees in the managerial and development levels of the companies, (98) retrieved and (95) were accepted for analysis. After that, data analysis took place to examine the study variables. After conducting the analysis, the study found that while there is a positive effect of the individual factor “enjoyment in helping others” and the organizational factor “top management support” on the employee knowledge sharing behavior. There is no influence of the individual factor “knowledge self efficacy” and the organizational factor “organizational rewards” on the employee knowledge sharing behavior. Keywords: knowledge sharing, innovation, telecommunications, Jorda

Penatalaksanaan Terapi Latihan Pada Pasien Paska Operasi Pemasangan Plate And Screw Pada Frakture Antebrachii 1/3 Proximal

Background: Bone fracture is a break continuitas. Antebrachii fracture is a fracture in the forearm radius and ulna. Divided into three parts, namely the proxsimal fracture, medial and distal from the corpus of the bone. Conditions can be given actions fracture with conservative and operative technique, conservative techniques typically use a cast while operatis action is usually performed by ORIF (Open Reduction Internal Fixation). This condition will usually cause pain, edema, limitation of LGS, decreased muscle strength and functional ability. Objective: To determine the benefits of exercise therapy with static contraction technique, free aktive exercise and passive exercise in reducing pain, decreasing edema, increase LGS, increase muscle strength and improve activities. Results: From the results it can be concluded therapy to decrease pain VDS of T1 to T4 can be seen, tenderness T1: 6 to T4: 5, pain motion T1: 6 to T4: 5, painful silence T1: 1 to T4: 0. Decrease edema, 5 cm above the left side T1: 27 cm to T4: 26, 5 cm down the left side T1: 26 to T4: 25. Increased LGS with goneometer with the results, actively T1: S (0-0-40), became T4: S (0-0-45), passively T1: S (0-0-45) into T4: S (2 -0-50). Increased muscle strength with MMT showed, elbow flexors T1: 3 to T4: 4, extensor elbow T1: 3 to T4: 4, pronator T1: 3 to T4: 4 and supinator T1: 3 to T4: 4. Conclusion: Therapeutic exercise in the form of static contraction, free aktive exercise and passive exercise can reduce edema, pain LGS boost, increase muscle strength and improve functional ability