Understanding the Cancelation of Double Poles in the Pfaffian of CHY-formulism

For a physical field theory, the tree-level amplitudes should possess only single poles. However, when computing amplitudes with Cachazo-He-Yuan (CHY) formulation, individual terms in the intermediate steps will contribute higher-order poles. In this paper, we investigate the cancelation of higher-order poles in CHY formula with Pfaffian as the building block. We develop a diagrammatic rule for expanding the reduced Pfaffian. Then by organizing diagrams in appropriate groups and applying the cross-ratio identities, we show that all potential contributions to higher-order poles in the reduced Pfaffian are canceled out, i.e., only single poles survive in Yang-Mills theory and gravity. Furthermore, we show the cancelations of higher-order poles in other field theories by introducing appropriate truncations, based on the single pole structure of Pfaffian.Comment: 30 pages,6 figures,1 table, footnote adde

Expansion of Einstein-Yang-Mills Amplitude

In this paper, we provide a thorough study on the expansion of single trace Einstein-Yang-Mills amplitudes into linear combination of color-ordered Yang-Mills amplitudes, from various different perspectives. Using the gauge invariance principle, we propose a recursive construction, where EYM amplitude with any number of gravitons could be expanded into EYM amplitudes with less number of gravitons. Through this construction, we can write down the complete expansion of EYM amplitude in the basis of color-ordered Yang-Mills amplitudes. As a byproduct, we are able to write down the polynomial form of BCJ numerator, i.e., numerators satisfying the color-kinematic duality, for Yang-Mills amplitude. After the discussion of gauge invariance, we move to the BCFW on-shell recursion relation and discuss how the expansion can be understood from the on-shell picture. Finally, we show how to interpret the expansion from the aspect of KLT relation and the way of evaluating the expansion coefficients efficiently.Comment: 50 pages, 1 figure, Revised versio

Electric bucket teeth missing detection method based on machine visio

In view of problems of lower real-time performance and higher false rate of existing detection methods of electric bucket teeth, an electric bucket teeth missing detection method based on machine vision was put forward. The method uses infrared thermal imager to collect bucket image, adopts template matching principle to accurately locate target area of bucket teeth under complicated background, and uses frame differential method to realize motion detection of bucket teeth. On the basis of location of the target area, the bucket teeth are segmented and extracted combined with location relation of the bucket teeth line area and the teeth line structure characteristics, so as to detect missing bucket teeth according to self-adaptive threshold. The experimental results show that the method can effectively realize real-time on-line, rapid and accurate detection of the missing teeth of the electric bucket, detection accuracy is more than 90%, which provides an effective solution for electric bucket teeth missing detection

Effects of Dietary Clostridium butyricum on Carcass Traits, Antioxidant Capacity, Meat Quality, and Fatty Acid Composition of Broilers

The demand for identifying substitutes for antioxidant feed additives in broiler production is increasing. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of Clostridium butyricum (C. butyricum) on carcass traits, antioxidant capacity, meat quality, and fatty acid composition of broiler chickens. A total of 330 one-day-old mixed-sex commercial Ross 308 broilers were randomly divided into five groups with six replicates per group and eleven broilers per replicate and reared for 39 days. The control (CON) group was fed a basal diet, the AM group was fed a basal diet containing 150 mg aureomycin/kg feed, and the CBL, CBM, and CBH groups were fed a basal diet containing 2 × 108, 4 × 108, and 8 × 108 colony-forming units (CFU) C. butyricum/kg feed. On day 21, compared to the AM group, serum total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) level was enhanced in the CBH group and serum total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) concentrations were increased in the CBM and CBH groups (p < 0.05). Dietary C. butyricum resulted in the liver T-AOC, T-SOD, and catalase (CAT) of broilers linearly increased at day 21 (p < 0.05). On day 39, supplementation with C. butyricum in broiler diets linearly increased concentrations of T-SOD (p < 0.05), CAT (p < 0.001), but linearly reduced MDA (malondialdehyde) contents (p < 0.001) in the liver. For the breast muscle, the redness for meat color increased in a linear manner and the shearing force decreased in a quadratic manner in response to C. butyricum inclusion (p < 0.05). The pH45min, pH24h, and the shearing force changed in a quadratic pattern (p < 0.05). The contents of total MUFA (monounsaturated fatty acid) and total PUFA (polyunsaturated fatty acid) were altered and quadratically responded to the doses of C. butyricum (p < 0.05). For the thigh muscle, the inclusion of C. butyricum in broiler diets showed the negative linear effects on the cooking loss and shearing force (p < 0.001). The total MUFA contents were changed linearly and quadratically (p < 0.001; p < 0.05), and the contents of total PUFA and the ratio of PUFA to SFA were quadratically responded to the doses of C. butyricum (p < 0.05). In brief, dietary C. butyricum could beneficially enhance liver antioxidant capacity, and improve meat quality and fatty acid composition in broilers

Effects of Dietary <i>Clostridium butyricum</i> on Carcass Traits, Antioxidant Capacity, Meat Quality, and Fatty Acid Composition of Broilers

The demand for identifying substitutes for antioxidant feed additives in broiler production is increasing. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of Clostridium butyricum (C. butyricum) on carcass traits, antioxidant capacity, meat quality, and fatty acid composition of broiler chickens. A total of 330 one-day-old mixed-sex commercial Ross 308 broilers were randomly divided into five groups with six replicates per group and eleven broilers per replicate and reared for 39 days. The control (CON) group was fed a basal diet, the AM group was fed a basal diet containing 150 mg aureomycin/kg feed, and the CBL, CBM, and CBH groups were fed a basal diet containing 2 × 108, 4 × 108, and 8 × 108 colony-forming units (CFU) C. butyricum/kg feed. On day 21, compared to the AM group, serum total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) level was enhanced in the CBH group and serum total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) concentrations were increased in the CBM and CBH groups (p C. butyricum resulted in the liver T-AOC, T-SOD, and catalase (CAT) of broilers linearly increased at day 21 (p C. butyricum in broiler diets linearly increased concentrations of T-SOD (p p p C. butyricum inclusion (p 45min, pH24h, and the shearing force changed in a quadratic pattern (p C. butyricum (p C. butyricum in broiler diets showed the negative linear effects on the cooking loss and shearing force (p p p C. butyricum (p C. butyricum could beneficially enhance liver antioxidant capacity, and improve meat quality and fatty acid composition in broilers